《史记》中张良的传奇人生与智者形象

The Image of Wisdom and Legendary life of Zhang Liang in Historical Records

据《史记·留侯世家》等记载,张良一生经历了由侠士到谋士再到隐士的身份转换和精神转型,其前后角色的变化是传奇性的;但其最突出的性格特征是善为智谋,总体上是一个智者的形象。他是刘邦先入咸阳的成功导演者,鸿门宴智斗获胜的导演者,楚汉相争取胜的导演者;他的功成身退,也体现了高超的政治智慧。张良超乎群伦的足智多谋,使他成为一个著名的智者典型而名垂千古,对后世产生了重大而深远的影响。

It is recorded in Historical Records·Liuhou Family that it is legendary for Zhang Liang to have experienced a shift from knight errant to counselor and then to hermit in his identity and mentality,however,he is a wise man in general with wisdom being the most prominent characteristic in his personality.Zhang Liang is the designer of the success of Liu Bang conquering Xianyang,defeating Xiang Yu in Hongmen banquet and winning the war between Chu and Han.Most importantly,it is perfect manifestation of his great wisdom to withdraw from the political stage in his old age after having achieved remarkably.Zhang Liang’s brilliant wisdom enables him to become a typical and an immoral political figure in Chinese history and thus to have a profound impact on the generations after him.