婴幼儿艰难梭菌的无症状定植与防治措施研究进展

Advances in research on asymptomatic colonization and control of Clostridium difficile in infants

艰难梭菌是一种肠道条件致病菌,能形成芽胞有效抵抗抗生素的杀灭。由于临床上抗生素的不规范使用,导致人体肠道有益菌被杀死。艰难梭菌因抵抗力强而大量繁殖,破坏人体肠道菌群平衡,引起抗生素相关性腹泻。艰难梭菌同时也是院内感染的主要病原菌。艰难梭菌可在人体肠道无症状定植,不同年龄阶段艰难梭菌定植率有较大差异,相比于成人,婴幼儿时期艰难梭菌在肠道的定植率较高,且婴幼儿的生理特点常导致无症状定植,但若传播给成人,则有可能造成艰难梭菌感染引起腹泻,故有必要做好防治措施。本文就婴幼儿无症状定植的特点及防控措施作一综述。

Clostridium difficile is an intestinal conditional pathogen, which can form spores to effectively resist the killing of antibiotics. Due to the improper use of antibiotics in clinical practice, the beneficial bacteria in human intestinal tract are killed, while Clostridium difficile propagates in large amount due to its strong resistance, which destroys the balance of intestinal flora and causes antibiotic related diarrhea. Clostridium difficile is also an important pathogen of nosocomial infection. Clostridium difficile can colonize asymptomatically in human intestinal tract, and its colonization rate is quite different in different ages. Compared with adults, the colonization rate of Clostridium difficile in intestinal tracts of infants is higher, and asymptomatic colonization often occurs due to the physiological characteristics of infants. When transmitted to adults, Clostridium difficile may cause diarrhea due to Clostridium difficile infection. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures. In this paper, the characteristics and prevention and control measures of asymptomatic colonization of Clostridium difficile in infants were reviewed.