鲁艺雕塑教育思想的形成与发展——以东北鲁艺时期(1946—1953)美术部雕塑系教学计划为线索

The Formation and Development of Sculpture Education Philosophies in Lu Xun Art School:in the Sculpture Department’s Teaching Plans of the Fine Arts Institute in LAS(1946-1953)

东北鲁艺时期美术部雕塑系,即现今鲁迅美术学院雕塑系的前身,于1951年初在哈尔滨正式创立。本文以1952年东北鲁艺雕塑系的教学计划为中心,重新审视其课程设置、教学方法、培养计划等,试图总结东北鲁艺时期美术部雕塑系教学,是基于一种强调素描对于雕塑基础训练的重要性,并以圆雕作为核心训练的雕塑教学设置。东北鲁艺时期美术部雕塑系的教学设置,有着"重视现实主义素描基础训练"、"注重从技法到实践的雕塑创作"、"注重理论修养与实践相结合"这3个主要特色,反映了在苏联模式大规模引进之前,中国本土雕塑教育的初步探索。

The Sculpture Department of Fine Arts Institute of LuXun Art School in Northeast China,which was the predecessor of LuXun Academy of Fine Arts,was established in Harbin in early 1951.This research focuses on its teaching plan in 1952 to re-examine its curriculum,teaching methods,educational plans and similar aspects,and summarizes that its teaching emphasized sketching as a basic training of sculpture and adopted sculpture in the round as its core training focus.Its curriculum was mainly featured with"an emphasis on basic realistic sketching trainings","priorities given to putting skills into real practices"and"importance attached to integrating theories with practices",reflecting the preliminary steps by local Chinese sculpture education before mass import of the Soviet patterns.