大黄的药理作用及临床应用进展

Progress in pharmacological action and clinical application of rhubarb

大黄是多种蓼科大黄属的多年生植物,主要分布于我国四川、甘肃、青海、西藏、湖北、云南、贵州等地区,呈类圆柱形、圆锥形、卵圆形或不规则块状,长13~17 cm,直径3~10 cm。除尽外皮后表面呈黄棕色至棕色,有的可见类白色网状纹理及星点(异型维束)散在,残留的外皮呈棕褐色,皮质坚实,有的中心稍松软。大黄性寒、苦,具有攻积滞、清湿热、泻火、凉血、祛瘀、解毒等功效。大黄作为一种常用的中药,在临床上普遍应用于实热积滞便秘、血热吐衄、目赤咽肿、痈肿疔疮、肠痈腹痛等。近年来随着中医药理论的研究进展,大黄的药理作用及其机制日渐明确。本文对中药大黄的药理作用及临床应用相关文献进行综述,以期为大黄的临床应用提供一定的借鉴经验。

Rhubarb is a perennial plant of various Rheum in Polygonaceae,which is mainly distributed in Sichuan,Gansu,Qinghai,Tibet,Hubei,Yunnan,Guizhou and other regions of China.It is cylindrical,conical,oval or irregular block,13-17 cm long and 3-10 cm in diameter.When the outer skin is removed,the inner surface is yellowish brown to brown.In some cases,the white like reticular texture and star dots(heterotypic vascular bundles)are scattered.The remaining skin is brown,with solid cortex and soft center.Rhubarb is cold and bitter in nature and has the effects of attacking accumulation stagnation,clearing dampness and heat,purging fire,cooling blood,removing blood stasis and detoxification.As a common used traditional Chinese medicine,rhubarb is widely used in clinical practice,such as excess heat stagnation constipation,blood heat,vomiting,red eyes and sore throat,carbuncle and score,intestinal carbuncle and abdominal pain,etc.In recent years,with the development of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,the pharmacological action and mechanism of rhubarb are becoming more and more clear.In this paper,the related literatures of pharmacological effect and clinical application of rhubarb are reviewed,in order to provide some reference for the clinical application of rhubarb.