急性踝关节外侧韧带损伤的中西医诊疗现状

Current situation of diagnosis and treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament injury with traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

踝关节扭伤是人们在日常生活、工作和体育运动中最常见的损伤。绝大部分踝关节损伤涉及到外侧韧带。扭伤的诊断依赖于病史、症状、临床查体和影像学检查,并作出鉴别诊断,主要是区别于骨折、脱位等情况。踝关节韧带损伤可能造成踝关节遗留长期疼痛、肿胀,力量不足导致反复扭伤,从而形成踝关节慢性不稳定和创伤性关节炎等严重情况。发生急性踝关节外侧韧带损伤后患者踝关节活动功能会受到限制,尤其是踝关节屈伸及负重功能,若患者踝关节外侧韧带损伤严重,会导致踝关节松弛,内部软骨出现摩擦,易引发退行性改变骨性关节炎,对患者日常生活与工作带来严重影响。为了恢复患者踝关节功能,改善患者生活质量,临床需对急性踝关节外侧韧带损伤患者采取有效治疗方案,但目前临床上对于踝关节韧带损伤的治疗仍然存在很大争议。本文从解剖、损伤机制、诊断和中西医对踝韧带损伤的认识和治疗方面展开综述,为临床治疗提供参考方案。

Ankle sprain is the most common injury in people’s daily life,work and sports.The vast majority of ankle injuries involve the lateral ligaments.The diagnosis of sprain relies on medical history,symptoms,clinical examination and imaging examination,and differential diagnosis is made,which are mainlydifferent from fractures,dislocations,etc.Ankle ligament injury may cause long-term pain and swelling of the ankle joint,and repeated sprains due to insufficient strength,thus leading to chronic instability and traumatic arthritis of the ankle joint and other conditions.After the occurrence of acute lateral ankle ligament injury,the ankle joint activity function of patients will be limited,especially the flexion and extension and weight-bearing function of ankle joint.If the patient’s lateral ankle ligament injury is serious,it will lead to ankle joint relaxation,internal cartilage friction,easy to cause degenerative osteoarthritis,which has a serious impact on the patient’s daily life and work.In order to restore the patient’s ankle joint function and improve the patient’s quality of life,clinically effective treatments are needed for patients with acute lateral ankle ligament injury.However,there is still a lot of controversy in the clinical treatment of ankle ligament injury.This article reviews the anatomy,injury mechanism,diagnosis,and the understanding and treatment of ankle ligament injury in Chinese and Western Medicine,so as to provide reference for clinical treatment.