X射线探测器的研究现状与展望

Present status and prospects of X-ray detectors

X射线影像设备广泛应用于医疗健康、工业无损探测等领域。当X射线穿过不同密度和厚度的人体组织或者工件时,X射线被吸收的程度不同,人们通过X射线强度的变化及分布情况可以诊断一些肉眼不可见的疾病或者检测工件内部各种宏观或微观缺陷的性质、大小及分布。近年来,如何设计空间分辨率更高、X射线使用剂量更低、成本更低的X射线影像设备是各大X射线影像设备公司以及本领域科研人员的研究目标。文章主要从X射线探测器的结构和材料角度出发,回顾了X射线探测器的发展,讨论了不同探测材料对于X射线的吸收以及探测性能,最后展望了X射线探测器的未来发展方向。

X-ray imaging has wide application in the areas of health-care,non-destructive detection,and so forth.When X-rays penetrate through human tissues or workpieces of different density and thickness,varying degrees of the radiation are absorbed.We can detect and diagnose diseases which are not visible to the naked eye,or detect the properties,size and distribution of various macroscopic or microscopic defects inside objects through the variation and distribution of the X-ray intensity.In recent years,the design of X-ray imaging equipment with higher resolution,lower dosage and lower cost has been the goal of manufacturing companies and scientists in this field.This paper reviews the development of X-ray detectors from the perspective of their structure and materials,and discusses the absorption and performance characteristics of different detection materials.Finally,we survey the future development of X-ray detectors.