易地扶贫搬迁农户主观幸福感模糊评价——基于1250个搬迁农户的实证分析

Fuzzy Evaluation on the Subjective Well-being of Relocated Rural Households in Poverty Alleviation——An Empirical Analysis Based on Life Satisfaction of 1250 Rural Households

易地扶贫搬迁是“十三五”脱贫攻坚的“头号工程”,目前,960多万建档立卡贫困人口已全部搬出,实现了“两不愁、三保障”的基本目标,而农户是否由此过上了幸福的生活成为社会各界关注的焦点。构建易地扶贫搬迁农户生活满意度的综合评价指标体系,利用陕南三市1250个农户数据和模糊综合评价方法,考察搬迁农户的主观幸福感现状。以因子得分系数为权重计算隶属度并与模糊集运算的标准交、弱交、标准并及简单算术平均、加权平均等五种加总规则求得的隶属度进行相关性检验,结果表明搬迁农户生活满意度8个子系统的初级指标之间存在不同程度的补偿关系。进一步计算显示,农户生活满意度综合得分处于“一般”偏上层次,其中社会资本得分最高,参与权实现的满意度最低。最后,通过象限图考察8个子系统的满意度及其重要度分布,结果显示:搬迁安置房状况和政府公共政策是提高搬迁户生活满意度的主要因素;参与权实现、经济状况和工作状况是阻碍其生活满意度提高的重要原因,这几个方面应该成为提高后搬迁时期搬迁农户生活满意度的重要着力点。

Poverty Alleviation Relocation(PAR)is the NO.1 project for poverty reduction in the period of 13th Five-year Plan.At present,more than 9.6 million poverty-stricken people have moved out,realizing the basic goal of“two worry-free and three guarantees”.Whether the relocated households since then lived a happy life has attracted widely attention of the social community.Through establishing a comprehensive evaluation index system of the life satisfaction of the relocated farmers,1250 relocated households’survey data and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used to analyze the subjective well-being of them.The membership degrees of eight subsystems were calculated based on the factor score coefficient,and then they were compared with the ones calculated using five different fuzzy set aggregators:standard intersection,weak intersection,standard union,arithmetic average and weighted average.The results indicated that there were different degrees of compensation relationship between the primary indicators of the eight subsystems of the life satisfaction.Further calculations showed that the comprehensive score of the relocated farmers’life satisfaction was 2.7022,which existed on the upper level of“general”satisfaction.Among all the eight subsystems,the social capital got the highest score,and the farmers’participation right exhibited the lowest.In our study,the joint distribution of satisfaction degree and attention degree of each subsystem were also depicted and analyzed by quadrant chart.It can be seen that the relocated housing condition and the government public policies were the main factors to improve the relocated households’life satisfaction,while the realization of the participation right,the economic status and the working status were the important factors to undermine their living satisfaction.Based on the above analysis,several important suggestions were proposed to improve the subjective well-being of relocated farmers.