轨道车辆吸能防爬器碰撞仿真试验对标技术研究

为提高轨道车辆吸能防爬器有限元仿真分析精度,通过计算机仿真计算技术精确复现碰撞试验,基于碰撞试验结果,针对材料加工成形过程中的塑性应变强化效应、倒角区域网格畸变、蜂窝铝材料曲线修正、接触穿透量调整等关键影响因素对仿真模型进行修正,形成4种修正方案。仿真计算结果与试验结果对标表明,修正模型的仿真计算精度较原模型有所提高,其中采用方案4的改进效果最为明显,与试验结果最为接近,该修正方案对后续提升仿真试验对标精度具有指导意义。

In order to improve the accuracy of finite element simulation analysis of energy absorption anti-creeping device for rail vehicles,the collision test is accurately reproduced by computer simulation technology.Based on the collision test results,the simulation model is modified according to the key influencing factors in the material forming process,such as plastic strain strengthening effect,chamfer area grid distortion,honeycomb aluminum material curve correction,contact penetration adjustment and so on,and four correction schemes are formed.The comparison between the simulation calculation results and the test results shows that the simulation accuracy of the modified model is higher than that of the original model,and the improvement effect of Scheme 4 is the most obvious,which is closest to the test results.The modified scheme is of guiding significance for subsequent simulation experiments to improve the calibration accuracy.