基于区块链的铁路工程施工安全监测数据共享关键技术研究

Research on key technologies of safety monitoring data sharing for railway engineering construction based on blockchain

为了解决铁路工程施工安全监测过程中监测数据易被篡改、事故追责时数据真实性可能遭到质疑的问题,提出了一种基于区块链的铁路工程施工安全监测数据共享模型,利用智能合约自动执行的特点保证监测数据上链过程的透明性。针对实用拜占庭容错(PBFT)算法中拜占庭节点与正常节点被选为主节点概率相同的问题,提出了基于信誉积分的实用拜占庭容错算法;针对流式数据上链可能产生网络拥塞的问题,简化了一致性协议,将协议的时间复杂度由O(n^(2))降为O(n)。利用Hyperledger Caliper进行了对比实验,证明改进算法的时延低于PBFT算法,吞吐量高于PBFT算法;进行攻击可能性和攻击成功概率的量化分析,确定智能合约为链上监测数据提供了防篡改性。对比分析结果证明,所提基于区块链的铁路工程施工安全监测数据共享模型在共识效率、吞吐量和区块生成速度方面优于其他模型。

In order to solve the problems that the monitoring data was easy to be tampered with in the process of railway engineering construction safety monitoring,and the authenticity of the data might be questioned during the accountability of accidents,a blockchain-based railway engineering construction safety monitoring data sharing model was proposed.The characteristics of automatic execution of smart contracts ensured the transparency of the process of monitoring data on the chain.In the PBFT algorithm,there was a problem that the Byzantine nodes and the normal nodes were selected as the master node with the same probability,a reputation-based practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm was proposed.Streaming data on the chain might cause network congestion,which simplified the consensus protocol and reduced the time complexity from O(n^(2))to O(n).A comparative experiment was conducted using Hyperledger Caliper to prove that the delay of the improved algorithm is lower than PBFT algorithm,and the throughput is higher than PBFT algorithm.A quantitative analysis of the possibility of attack and the probability of successful attack was carried out,and it was deter-mined that the smart contract provides tamper-proof modification for the monitoring data on the chain.Comparative analysis proves that the proposed blockchain-based railway engineering construction safety monitoring data sharing model is good than other models in terms of consensus efficiency,TPS and block generation speed.