子宫内膜癌相关流行病学高危因素的研究进展

Advances in Research on Epidemiological Risk Factors Related to Endometrial Cancer

子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌和宫颈癌是妇科常见的三大恶性肿瘤。近年来,在发达国家和许多发展中国家子宫内膜癌的发病率和病死率均逐年升高,且呈年轻化趋势,但目前其确切病因尚未明确。子宫内膜癌的发生与子宫内膜过度暴露于雌激素有关,包括初潮早、绝经晚、他莫昔芬治疗、不孕以及多囊卵巢综合征等。同时,子宫内膜癌是一种与代谢疾病相关的肿瘤,阐明子宫内膜癌相关流行病学高危因素的特定作用和机制可以为子宫内膜癌的早期预防和治疗提供新的靶点。因此,充分认识流行病学高危因素,对不同人群提供个体化的指导,可有效预防子宫内膜癌的发生发展。

Endometrial cancer,ovarian cancer and cervical cancer are the three most common malignant tumors in gynecology.In recent years,the incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer in developed countries and many developing countries have been increasing year by year with a trend of younger onset age,but the exact cause is not clear at present.The development of endometrial cancer is associated with overexposure to estrogen in the endometrium,including early menarche,late menopause,tamoxifen treatment,infertility,and polycystic ovary syndrome.At the same time,endometrial cancer is a tumor associated with metabolic diseases,and elucidating the specific role and mechanism of the associated epidemiological risk factors can provide a new target for the early prevention and treatment of endometrial cancer.Therefore,thorough understanding of the epidemiological risk factors and providing individualized guidance to different populations can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer.