上气道形态影响因素的研究概况

Research Overview of Influence Factors of Upper Airway Morphology

上气道是颅颌面重要的生理结构,与人体呼吸、发音、吞咽等功能密切相关。颅颌面结构的生长发育影响上气道的形态和大小以及通气功能,而上气道狭窄或阻塞反过来也影响颌面部的生长发育并严重危害身心健康,其已成为近年的研究热点。上气道是不规则的筋膜腔隙,复杂的解剖结构决定了其易受周围组织结构异常的影响,此外,年龄、种族、性别、肥胖、呼吸、体位等因素也不容忽视。因此,深入了解各种影响因素有助于排除混杂偏倚,从而对上气道做出准确和系统的评估。

The upper airway is an important physiological structure of cranial-maxillofacial and is closely related to various functions such as respiration,pronunciation and swallowing of human body.The growth and development of cranial-maxillofacial structure affects the shape and size of the upper airway as well as the ventilation function,while the stenosis or obstruction of the upper airway in turn affects the growth and development of maxillofacial region and seriously harms the physical and mental health,which has become a research hotspot in recent years.The upper airway is an irregular fascial space,and its complex anatomical structure determines its susceptibility to the influence of the surrounding cranial-maxillofacial structural abnormalities.Besides,age,race,gender,obesity,respiration,posture and other factors also cannot be ignored.Therefore,a thorough understanding of the various influencing factors can help to eliminate confounding bias,so as to accurately and systematically evaluate the upper airway.