儿童抽动障碍的损害评估及共患病的交互影响

Impairments Evaluation of Children with Tic Disorders and Interactions with Comorbidities

抽动障碍(TD)是涉及遗传、生物、心理和环境等因素共同作用的复杂神经精神疾病,以运动性抽动和(或)发声性抽动为主要临床表现,且多数存在一种以上的共患病。其损害严重程度通常采用标准化量表进行评估,可以客观、具体量化地评定抽动及相关损害严重程度,判定治疗效果以及评估预后。TD及共患病对儿童、青少年和成年早期的学习、生活、社交以及心理均可造成不同程度的损害及交互影响,包括心理行为问题、认知和社会功能损害、精神心理障碍和睡眠障碍等。共患病的存在大多较单纯TD作用更显著,对患者的长远结局具有不良影响,因此未来应进一步关注儿童TD的损害及共患病的交互影响,以对TD进行综合干预。

Tic disorder(TD)is a complex neuropsychiatric disease involving multiple factors such as genetic,biological,psychological,and environmental factors,which is mainly characterized by motor and/or vocal tics,and most patients have more than one comorbidities.The severity of impairment is usually assessed by standardized scales,which can objectively and quantitatively assess the severity of tic and related impairments,determine the therapeutic effect and estimate the prognosis.TD and the comorbidities can bring different degrees of impairments and interactions on learning,life,social activities and psychological aspects in children,adolescents and early adulthood,including psychological behavioral problems,cognitive and social function impairments,mental and psychological disorders and sleep disorders,etc.The presence of comorbidities usually has more significant impact than the simple TD,posing adverse effects on the long-term outcomes of the patients.Therefore,further attention should be paid to the impairments and interactions of the comorbidities in the children with TD,in order to conduct comprehensive interventions on TD.