微生物除臭剂应用于畜禽养殖场的研究现状

Application of microbial deodorant in livestock and poultry farms

畜禽养殖过程中排放的NH_(3)、H_(2)S和挥发性有机物(VOCs)等恶臭气体对环境、人和动物的健康造成严重的危害。本文概述了畜禽养殖场恶臭气体主要成分及来源、微生物除臭剂的作用机理和研究进展,重点讨论了微生物法降解恶臭气体机理。畜禽养殖场恶臭气体主要来源于动物肠道菌群和畜禽粪尿中土著微生物的厌氧发酵,成分复杂,恶臭气体减排调控成为当前畜禽养殖场的重要任务。生物法除臭因对环境适应能力强、作用时间长、去除效果好而成为当前应用于畜禽养殖场去除恶臭气体的主要手段。微生物除臭剂是将除臭微生物进行组合,利用其生理代谢活动将恶臭气体作为营养物质分解并氧化成CO_(2)、H_(2)O、SO^(2-)_(4)和NO^(-)_(3)等无臭、无害的终产物。

The odor gases such as NH_(3),H_(2)S and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted during livestock and poultry breeding cause serious harm to the environment,human and animal health.In this paper,the main components and sources of malodorous gases in livestock and poultry farms,mechanism and current research progress of microbial deodorants were summarized,and mechanism of microbial degradation of odor gases was described elaborately.These odor gases mainly come from the anaerobic fermentation of intestinal flora and indigenous microorganisms in livestock and poultry manure.The composition is complex,and the emission reduction and regulation of odor gases has become an important task of livestock and poultry farms.Biological deodorization has become the main method for deodorization in livestock and poultry farms due to its strong adaptability to the environment,long duration and promising removal effect.Microbial deodorant is a combination of deodorizing microorganisms,which decomposes odorous gases as nutrients and oxidizes them into odorless and harmless end products such as CO_(2),H_(2)O,SO^(2-)_(4) and NO^(-)_(3) by using their physiological metabolic activities.