空调导流罩安装角度对市域列车气动阻力的影响

Effect of installation angle of air conditioning deflector on aerodynamic resistance of urban trains

空调设备作为维持轨道车辆车内乘客舒适度的重要组成部分,其外形结构对列车的气动阻力会产生影响。合理的空调导流罩安装角度可以有效降低列车气动阻力。利用计算流体力学(ComputationalFluidDynamics,CFD)方法研究空调导流罩安装角度对160 km/h市域列车气动阻力的影响。研究结果表明:空调导流罩安装角度越小,整车气动阻力越小,相对于无导流罩(90°)工况,导流罩安装角度为15°时,整车减阻达10%。头车流线型气动阻力系数随导流罩角度变化不大,除尾车流线型部分外,其他车辆气动阻力系数随着导流罩安装角度的增大而增大,尾车流线型气动阻力系数随导流罩安装角度的增大而降低。导流罩气动阻力随安装角度的增大而增大,不包含导流罩部分的空调气动阻力随导流罩安装角度的增大而降低。

Air conditioning equipment is as an important part for maintaining the comfort of passengers inside the train,its external structure will affect the aerodynamic resistance of the train.The aerodynamic resistance of the train can be reduced effectively by installing air conditioning deflector with a reasonable angle.The effect of the angle of air conditioning deflector on the aerodynamic resistance of an urban train with a speed of 160 km/h was investigated using CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics).Results are as follows.The lower the angle of the deflector,the small the aerodynamic resistance of the train.Compared with the train without the air conditioner(90°),the dragforce of the train decreases by about 10%with installing the 15°deflector for each air conditioner.The aerodynamic resistance coefficient of streamline nose of the head car is barely affected by the deflector angle.Except for the streamline nose of the tail car,the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the other vehicles increases as the deflector angleincreases.The aerodynamic drag coefficient of the streamline nose of the tail car decreases as the deflector angleincreases.The aerodynamic resistance of the deflector increases as the installation angleincreases.The aerodynamic resistance of the air conditioner without deflector decreases as the deflector angle increases.