新冠肺炎疫情期间家庭因素对独生子女儿童饮食行为的影响

Influence of Family Factors on Children's Eating Habits of Only-Child during COVID-19 Pandemic

目的分析新冠肺炎疫情期间家庭因素及父母饮食行为态度对儿童饮食行为习惯的影响,为培养良好的儿童饮食行为习惯提供理论依据,并为制定儿童饮食行为异常干预措施提供参考。方法于2020年3月采用问卷调查的方式对深圳市某地儿童饮食习惯进行调查,并收集相关家庭资料及父母饮食行为态度,采用多元线性回归分析家庭因素与儿童饮食行为习惯的相关性。结果共调查独生子女670名,非独生子女1159名。对独生子女饮食习惯进行单因素分析,父亲文化程度为研究生及以上、家庭类型为核心家庭、家庭平均月收入为10000~30000元者,其儿童不良饮食行为习惯得分均低于其他组别;父母在就餐时存在批评教导孩子、强制或通过惩罚孩子多吃、强迫孩子进食不喜爱的食物等相关行为,儿童不良饮食行为习惯平均得分显著高于无此相关行为的家庭;经多元线性回归分析,儿童饮食行为习惯得分与进餐时教育或批评孩子(β=0.136)、强制或惩罚孩子多吃(β=0.131)、允许孩子边走或边玩边吃(β=0.240)、对孩子进食满意度(β=0.386)和对孩子不喜爱食物的态度(β=0.102)呈正相关(P<0.05),对孩子进食满意度对儿童不良饮食行为习惯得分影响最大(β=0.386)。结论家庭环境因素和父母对子女的饮食态度、行为与儿童饮食行为习惯密切相关,可以影响儿童良好饮食行为习惯的养成,需要社会更多关注,从而全面有效提升儿童的健康素养。

Objective To analyze the influence of family factors and parents'dietary behavior attitude on children's eating behavior habits during COVID-19 pandemic,so as to provide theoretical basis for cultivating children's eating behavior habits and providing reference for formulating intervention measures for children's abnormal eating beha-viors.Methods A questionnaire was used to investigate the eating habits of children in a certain area of Shenzhen,and relevant family information and parents'eating behavior attitudes were collected,and the correlation between family factors and children's eating behavior habits was analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results A total of 670 only-children and 1,159 non-only-children were surveyed.In a single-factor analysis of the eating habits of the only-child,those whose father had postgraduate education and above,whose family type was nuclear family,and whose average monthly family income was 10,000~30,000 yuan had lower scores on children's poor eating beha-viors than the scores of other groups.The mean scores of children's poor eating habits were significantly higher in families where parents had behaviors related to teaching their children critically,forcing or punishing them to eat more,or forcing them to eat foods they did not like during meals,compared to families without such related beha-viors.By multivariate linear regression analysis,children's eating behavior scores and dine education or criticize children(β=0.136),force or punish children to eat more(β=0.131),let the children play while walking or ate(β=0.240),satisfaction with the child's eating(β=0.386)and attitude to children don't like the food(β=0.102)were positively correlated,the children eat satisfaction had the greatest influence on children's poor eating habits score(β=0.386).Conclusion Family environment and parents'attitude towards children's eating behavior are related to children's eating habits score,and can influence the development and change of good eating behavior habits in children.More social attention is needed to improve the health literacy of children's eating behavior comprehensively and effectively.