健康社会决定因素筛查工具的研究进展

Research Progress of Screening Tools in Social Determinants of Health

健康是人们享受和追求美好生活的重要前提。除了导致疾病的生物因素,影响人口健康水平的主要因素还有社会经济与环境等健康的社会决定因素。在卫生医疗机构中,使用科学的健康社会决定因素筛查工具,可以让卫生保健人员评估患者的社会需求和风险因素,进而提供更优质的服务。因此,卫生保健人员有必要了解其筛查工具的研究进展。目前,在临床实践中针对单一或多个维度的健康社会决定因素筛查工具越来越多。以历史为背景介绍了在卫生保健领域运用的几种筛查工具。概述了筛查工具的研究现状,并总结了开发工具时常见的问题与挑战,包括决定筛查工具的组成要素、考虑评估负担以及条目内容的敏感性等。目前,开发或本土化修订适用于我国情景的筛查工具是亟需解决的问题。此外,工具开发后如何与电子信息技术整合,以及如何以最佳的方式将收集的信息运用到患者医疗照护中,同样值得进一步思考与探究。

Health is an important prerequisite for people to enjoy and pursue a good life.In addition to the biological factors that cause disease,the main factors that influence the level of health of a population are social determinants of health(SDH),such as socioeconomic and environmental factors.The usage of scientific screening tools of SDH in health care settings is beneficial for health care providers to assess the social needs and risk factors of patients,and thus healthcare workers can provide better quality services.Therefore,it is important for health care professionals to learn about the current research status in these screening tools.Currently,there is a growing number of SDH screening tools with single or multiple dimensions in clinical practice.In this article,the current state of research on screening tools is outlined,and common issues and challenges in developing tools are summarized,including deciding on the components of a screening tool,considering the assessing burden,and the sensitivity of the content.So far,the development or transcultural adaption of screening tools applicable to our national scenario is an urgent issue to be addressed.Besides,it is worthwhile to further consider and explore how to integrate the screening tool with electronic information technology after its development and how to appropriately apply the collected information to patient care.