广州市中心城区居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Analysis on the Levels of Health Literacy and Its Influencing Factors among Residents from the Central Districts of Guangzhou City

目的了解广州市中心4个区15~69岁居民健康素养水平及影响因素,为有针对性制定居民健康素养干预措施和政策提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取2018年广州市4个中心城区1515名15~69岁常住居民进行健康素养调查,采用Logistic回归分析居民健康素养水平的影响因素。结果广州市中心4个区居民健康素养水平为28.6%(433/1515)。三方面健康素养水平由高至低依次为基本知识和理念40.1%(608/1515)、基本技能24.5%(358/1515)和健康生活方式与行为23.6%(371/1515);六类健康问题素养水平由高至低依次为安全与急救60.9%(611/1515)、科学健康观40.3%(245/1515)、健康信息36.8%(437/1515)、慢性病防治28.8%(922/1515)、基本医疗25.0%(379/1515)和传染病防治16.2%(558/1515)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,以硕士及以上学历为参照组,小学及以下、初中和高中/职高/中专居民健康素养水平较低OR=0.098(95%CI=0.034~0.282)、OR=0.194(95%CI=0.094~0.401)和OR=0.234(95%CI=0.120~0.457),以60~69岁为参照组,30~39岁、40~49岁居民健康素养水平较高,OR=1.809(95%CI=1.196~2.737)和OR=2.309(95%CI=1.352~3.075)。结论2018年广州市中心4个区居民总体健康素养水平较高,但传染病防治素养较低。高中/职高/中专及以下学历、青少年和老年居民是健康教育重点干预对象。

Objective To understand the level and influencing factors of health literacy among residents aged 15-69 in four central districts of Guangzhou,and to provide basis for targeted health education interventions and policies.Methods A stratified multi-stage random sampling method was used to investigate health literacy of 1515 residents aged 15~69 years in four central urban areas of Guangzhou in 2018.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of residents'health literacy level.Results The health literacy level of the residents in four central urban areas of Guangzhou was 28.6%(433/1515).From the highest to the lowest of the three aspects of health literacy levels,were in order of the basic healthy knowledge and ideology(40.1%,608/1515),the basic skill literacy(24.5%,358/1515),the healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy(23.6%,371/1515),respectively.The six health literacy levels ranked from high to low as safety and first-aid(60.9%,611/1515),scientific health concepts(40.3%,245/1515),health information(36.8%,437/1515),chronic disease prevention(28.8%,922/1515),basic medical literacy(25.0%,379/1515),basic medical literacy(25.0%,379/1515),and infectious disease prevention(16.2%,558/1515),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,using those with a master degree or above as the reference,the health literacy level of primary school students and below,junior high school and senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school residents were lower[OR=0.098(95%CI=0.034-0.282)]、[OR=0.194(95%CI=0.094-0.401)]and[OR=0.234(95%CI=0.120-0.457)].While,compared to the 60-69 year-old group,the health literacy level of residents among 30-39 years old and 40-49 years old were higher,[OR=1.809,(95%CI=1.196-2.737)]and[OR=2.309(95%CI=1.352-3.075)].Conclusion The health literacy level of residents in four central districts Guangzhou was generally higher in 2018,but the infectious disease prevention and control was lower.Senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school and below,youngsters and senior citizens are the key target population for health education intervention.