先天性心脏病儿童神经发育障碍的研究进展

Advances in neurodevelopmental disorders in children with congenital heart disease

神经发育障碍(neurodevelopmental disorders,NDD)是目前先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)研究的一大热点,病因包括脑灌注及氧运输异常、遗传、手术因素等。不同年龄、类型、严重程度的CHD儿童可呈现出不同的NDD表现,如认知功能、运动功能、言语与语言功能、心理行为障碍等,对其成长与发展产生严重影响。因此,系统了解CHD儿童NDD的病因及其常见表现,对于CHD的早期诊疗、健康促进以及预后改善具有积极的意义。该综述从病因及常见表现方面简要阐述CHD儿童NDD特点,以期引起临床医师及家长关注,为CHD儿童提供更全面的诊疗。

Neurodevelopmental disorders(NDD)are the studying focus of congenital heart disease(CHD).Abnormal cerebral perfusion and oxygen transport,genetic factors,and surgery events are becoming the main causes of NDD.In addition,children with CHD of different ages,types and severity can present different clinical manifestations,including cognitive dysfunction,motor dysfunction,speech and language dysfunction,and psychological behavior dysfunction,which have serious impacts on children's growth and individual development.Therefore,a systematic understanding of the causes and clinical manifestations will be helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment,health promotion,and prognosis of NDD in CHD children.In order to draw the attention of clinicians and CHD families and provide more comprehensive support for those children,this brief review is written to illustrate the causes and common manifestations of CHD children with NDD characteristics.