增权型公共卫生社会工作:理论框架与实践策略

Empowerment-based Public Health Social Work:Theoretical Framework and Practical Strategies

贯彻习近平总书记关于“发挥社会工作在疫情防控中的专业优势”的重要论述,需要不断总结疫情防控的经验,发挥广大人民群众在公共卫生服务中的作用,拓展增权型公共卫生社会工作的理论、方法与实践。一方面,要不断夯实增权型公共卫生社会工作的理论基础,探讨习近平总书记人民健康观、健康社会决定因素理论、增权理论以及公民权理论在公共卫生社会工作中的时代价值与方向指引;另一方面,要不断构建与完善增权型公共卫生社会工作的内涵维度与内容框架,进一步践行与验证相应的操作原则、实践层级以及方法技术,最终促进中国特色公共卫生社会工作体系建设。

The novel coronavirus pneumonia is a major test of China’s public health system,emergency prevention and control management and social governance capacity.It is also an important mission of social work specialization to meet the practical challenges and meet the diverse needs of the people.It is also the core task of social work to serve Healthy China initiative.Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia,the majority of social workers have participated in the prevention and control of the new type of coronary pneumonia in a diversified way.From policy guidance to theoretical research and then to practical participation,they have played an active role in health education,potential stimulation,social mobilization,social publicity and social advocacy.They have accumulated rich experience in empowerment services for public health social work through front-line actions,which are embodied in the service ethics of collectivism power orientation,the service guidance of Party members’pioneer models and demonstrations,the service level of social mobilization jointly by the upper and lower levels,the service mode of Promoting the linkage of community,social organizations and social workers based on community grid and the service field of online to offline two-way interaction.Under the guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s view of people’s health,based on the basic framework of the theory of determinants of healthy society,empowerment theory and citizenship theory,social work continuously stimulates the subjectivity,initiative,participation and sense of honor of the masses in public health services in the process of epidemic prevention and control.Through diversified ways such as potential stimulation,ability training,right protection and empowerment,social work focuses on cultivating the right protection ability of service objects,reducing the powerlessness,improving the subject consciousness and striving for legitimate rights and interests.On the basis of deepening the understanding of social rights,individual rights and political rights,it further enhances its ability to participate in micro and macro public health services,and actively promotes the formation and improvement of the empowerment-based public health social work model with Chinese characteristics.Under the guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s speech on"Giving Full Play of Professional Social Work in Epidemic Prevention and Control",empowerment-based public health social work services should be continuously analyzed theoretically and verified practically.On the one hand,it is necessary to carry out economic,political,psychological,social and value empowerment around the promotion of public health services on the basis of principles and ethics such as personal informed consent,public interest priority,establishment of good professional relations,confirmation of collective experience,critical reflection and common action strategies.On the other hand,in the service process,we can start from the paths of individual,family,group,community,organization and network empowerment,give full play to the unique advantages of methods and technologies such as social mobilization,social advocacy,public consultation and community autonomy,and effectively form the endogenous path,environmental support and social recognition of the empowerment of public health social work.On this basis,the empowerment-based public health social work with Chinese characteristics not only has a solid foundation of social practical experience,but also a theoretical framework and practical guidance for the development of multidisciplinary integration,meanwhile,it needs to be continuously promoted and improved in future professional services and social assessment,and ultimately forms the local style and Chinese manner of public health social work.