基于韧性理念的洪水管理研究进展

Review of flood management based on the concept of resilience

在气候变化和城镇化发展等压力下,洪水风险呈增长态势,全球许多国家相继提出开展洪水韧性建设。韧性理念被应用于自然灾害管理领域的时间较短,特别是目前洪水管理领域的韧性研究还较为缺乏,难以直接指导应对洪涝的韧性城市建设或者基础设施的韧性提升。首先系统梳理了韧性概念的起源及其发展,提出了狭义洪水韧性和广义洪水韧性,辨析了韧性和脆弱性的区别。其次,梳理了韧性评价指标,总结发现韧性城市通常从经济韧性、社会韧性、环境韧性、基础设施韧性、组织韧性等城市系统的各方面进行综合评价,而专门针对洪水韧性的评价指标研究尚较为缺乏。最后,围绕研究全面且可量化的洪水韧性评价指标体系、研究不同韧性措施的效果等方面,对今后的洪水韧性研究提出了展望。

Under the pressures from climate change and urbanization,many countries are facing an increasing flood risk and,consequently,starting to build flood resilience systems.It is only recently that the concept of resilience has been introduced to the field of natural disaster management.In particular,very little research has been done to investigate flood resilience.Thus,it is difficult to provide comprehensive guidance on urban flood resilience and improve infrastructure resilience.First of all,the origin and development of the concept of resilience in a systematic way is summarized.We further propose the special and the general flood resilience,and then clearly point out the difference between resilience and vulnerability.Secondly,by reviewing various evaluation metrics,we identified that resilient cities are normally assessed in terms of economic resilience,social resilience,environmental resilience,infrastructure resilience,organizational resilience and so on.However,very little research has been done to study the evaluation indexes of flood resilience in specific.In the end,we suggest several future research directions on flood resilience,for example,study on the comprehensive and quantifiable evaluation index system of flood resilience,and the effects of various resilient measures.