香菇杂交选育新菌株的氨基酸特征及蛋白质营养价值评价

Evaluation of amino acid characteristics and protein nutritional value of new hybrid progenies and its parents of Lentinula edodes

为筛选优质蛋白香菇加工和育种材料,以香菇‘申香18’和‘L808’以及杂交子代中农艺性状优良的10个菌株为材料,测定了10个杂交选育新菌株和亲本子实体的粗蛋白和水解氨基酸含量,系统地评价了10个杂交菌株及其亲本的氨基酸特征和蛋白质营养价值。结果表明:12株菌株的粗蛋白含量为14.87%—25.26%,除15L2、15L22外,其余杂交菌株的粗蛋白含量显著高于亲本,15L19的粗蛋白含量最高,为25.26%。12个菌株的氨基酸总量在118.16—170.77 mg∕g,必需氨基酸在49.16—69.44 mg∕g,在总氨基酸中所占的比例为39.33%—45.37%,其中15L15的必需氨基酸总量最高,15L2菌株必需氨基酸在总氨基酸中所占比例最高,为45.37%。15L2中蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸的总含量最高。从AAS、IOM和CS三种评分模式来看,15L2可以作为优质的蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸补充食物,其余各菌株蛋白质中必需氨基酸的分布与各参照模式相比较为均衡,其中15L13的氨基酸平衡性最好。该研究可为优质蛋白香菇加工和育种材料的筛选提供科学依据。

In order to screen the processing and breeding materials of Lentinula edodes,the content of crude protein and hydrolyzed amino acid in 10 new hybrid strains and parent bodies was determined using‘Shenxiang18’and‘L808’and 10 hybrid progenies with excellent agronomic properties.The amino acid characteristics and protein nutritional value of 10 hybrid strains and their parents were systematically evaluated.The results suggested that crude protein content of 12 strains varied from 14.87%to 25.26%.Other progeny strains were significantly higher than those of their parents except 15 L2,15 L22 strains.The content of crude protein in 15 L19 strain was the highest,25.26%.The total amino acids content of 12 strains was 118.16—170.77 mg/g.The total essential amino acids content was 49.16—69.44 mg/g,and the proportion of total essential amino acids was39.33%—45.37%.The total essential amino acids in 15 L15 strain was the highest.The ratio of essential amino acids in 15 L2 strain was the highest,45.37%.The total content of methionine and cysteine in 15 L2 was the highest.According to the three scoring modes of AAS,IOM and CS,15 L2 could be used as a high-quality methionine and cysteine supplement food.Except 15 L2,the distribution of essential amino acids in the protein of each strain was more balanced than that of the reference model.The balance of essential amino acids in the protein of 15 L13 was best.These results provide scientific basis for processing high quality protein L.edodes and screening breeding materials.