上海地区葡萄结束自然休眠时间的时空分布分析

Time and space distribution of the date for breaking of dormancy for grapes in Shanghai area

根据2005—2020年上海郊区10个气象站小时气温资料,统计分析了满足葡萄450 h、750 h、1050 h、1350 h(≤7.2℃模型)需冷量结束自然休眠时间。结果表明:满足需冷量450 h结束自然休眠时间的时间分布,最早为2009年12月22日,最晚为2020年1月16日,年际间差异为23 d;满足需冷量750 h结束自然休眠时间的时间分布,最早为2010年1月8日,最晚为2020年2月6日,年际间差异为29 d;2016年以来结束自然休眠时间偏晚的年份有增多趋势。满足需冷量450 h结束自然休眠时间的空间分布,最早为崇明(12月30日),最晚为宝山(1月6日),空间差异为7 d;满足需冷量750 h结束自然休眠时间的空间分布,最早为崇明(1月15日),最晚为浦东(1月23日),空间差异为8 d。葡萄结束自然休眠时间的年际差异明显大于空间差异,年际差异和空间差异随需冷量的增加而增大;在空间分布上,中部偏晚,西部、北部及南部部分地区葡萄结束自然休眠时间偏早;2007年以来有部分气象站未满足需冷量(1050 h以上)的条件。该结果可为上海地区葡萄引种、促成栽培品种选育和确定覆膜时间提供技术支撑。

Based on the hourly temperature data of 10 weather stations in Shanghai suburbs from 2005 to2020,the date for breaking of dormancy of 450 h,750 h,1050 h and 1350 h(≤7.2℃model)was statistically analyzed.The results showed that the earliest time distribution of the date for breaking of dormancy for the suburbs in Shanghai to measure up chilling requirement of 450 h was December 22^(nd),2009,and the latest was January 16^(th),2020,with an inter-annual difference of 23 days;the earliest time distribution of the date for breaking of dormancy to measured up chilling requirement of 750 h was January 8^(th),2010,and the latest was February 6^(th),2020,with an inter-annual difference of 29 days;since 2016,the number of years breaking of dormancy time tends to increase.The spatial distribution of the date for breaking of dormancy to measured up chilling requirement of 450 h,the earliest was Chongming(December 30^(th)),the latest was Baoshan(January 6^(th)),the spatial difference was 7 days;the spatial distribution of the date for breaking of dormancy to measured up chilling requirement of 750 h was Chongming(January 15^(th)),the latest was Pudong(January 23^(rd)),the spatial difference was 8 days.The results showed that the inter-annual difference of the date for breaking of dormancy was significantly greater than the spatial difference,and the inter-annual difference and spatial difference increased with the increase of chilling requirement;in the spatial distribution,the central part was late,and the western,northern and southern parts of the date for breaking of dormancy to measured up chilling requirement was early;since 2007,there had been meteorological stations that could not measure up chilling requirement(≥1050 h).The results of this paper can provide technical support for the introduction of grape varieties in Shanghai.the breeding of forcing cultivars and the determination of film mulching date.