施氮量对绿米稻叶绿素含量及光合特性的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rates on the Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Green Rice

【目的】探索引进日本绿米稻品种ND4在四川的高产优质栽培条件。【方法】设置施纯氮0(N0)、90 kg/hm^(2)(N90)、135 kg/hm^(2)(N135)、180 kg/hm^(2)(N180)和225 kg/hm^(2)(N225)5个处理,以N0为对照,研究施氮量对绿米稻叶绿素含量、产量及光合特性的影响。【结果】绿米颖果中叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总酚含量均随着生育进程的推进而降低,其中花后15~20 d下降速率最快;花后各时段绿米颖果中叶绿素及总酚含量随施氮量增加而增加,但成熟期中高氮(N135、N180和N225)处理下差异不显著(P>0.05);高氮(N180和N225)处理下,随成熟期推进颖果叶绿素含量下降率更低,色泽更稳定;剑叶叶绿素含量及净光合速率随着生育进程的推进呈先增后降的趋势,在花后20 d达到峰值;有效穗数和千粒质量随施氮量增加而增加,穗粒数、结实率及产量随着施氮量的增加呈先增后降趋势,在N180处理下产量最高,为4.66 t/hm^(2)。【结论】本试验条件下绿米高产栽培条件为施氮量180 kg/hm^(2),且在腊熟期(花后30 d)能收获叶绿素含量更高的绿米。

[Purpose]To explore high-yield and high-quality cultivation conditions of Japanese green rice variety ND4 in Sichuan.[Method]0(N0),90 kg/hm^(2)(N90),135 kg/hm^(2)(N135),180 kg/hm^(2)(N180)and 225 kg/hm^(2)(N225)nitrogen application were set,and N0 as a control.The effect of nitrogen application rates on the chlorophyll content,yield and photosynthetic characteristics of green rice were studied.[Result]The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total phenols in green rice caryopsis decreased with the growth process.Among them,the decline rate was the fastest from 15 to 20 days after anthesis;the total phenol content increased with the increase of nitrogen application,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05)under the treatment of middle and high nitrogen(N135,N180 and N225)in the mature period;under the treatment of high nitrogen(N180 and N225),the rate of decrease of the chlorophyll content of the caryopsis with the advance of the mature period.The pigments were lower and stable;the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaves increased first and then decreased with the progress of the growth process,and reached a peak at 20 days after anthesis.The effective panicle and 1000-grain weight increased with the increase of ni-trogen application.The spike number,seed setting rate and yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.The yield was the highest under N180 treatment,which was 4.66 t/hm^(2).[Conclusion]The high-yield cultivation conditions of green rice under this test condi-tion are nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm^(2),and green rice with higher chlorophyll content can be harvested at the curing stage(30 days after flowering).