氯氰菊酯对蚯蚓处理蔬菜废弃物过程中的毒性效应研究

Study on the Toxic Effect of Cypermethrin on Using Earthworm to Treat Vegetable Waste

【目的】研究蔬菜废弃物中氯氰菊酯残留对蚯蚓生长、繁殖和发育的影响。【方法】参照GB/T 21809—2008,对蚯蚓进行短期接触试验和28 d饲喂试验,检测蔬菜废弃物中氯氰菊酯残留对蚯蚓抗氧化酶活性、组织病理变化以及体腔细胞的影响。【结果】蚯蚓饲喂含氯氰菊酯蔬菜废弃物7 d,其体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05),体腔细胞早期凋亡比例升高。接触24 h后,其体内SOD活性显著下降(P<0.05),体腔细胞早期凋亡比例升高。接触氯氰菊酯48和72 h后以及饲喂含氯氰菊酯蔬菜废弃物14和21 d后,其机体抗氧化系统受损,导致SOD和POD活性显著下降(P<0.05),MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05),体腔细胞晚期凋亡比例增加。在饲喂28 d后,蚯蚓SOD和POD活性显著降低(P<0.05)。饲喂试验发现:中、高剂量组在第14天时,其体壁上皮细胞脱落,肠腔扩张,肠上皮细胞变性、坏死,黄色细胞坏死、细胞核消失;低、中剂量组体腔细胞早期和晚期凋亡比例达最大值,随后降低。【结论】蚯蚓接触氯氰菊酯剂量高于4.472μg/cm^(2)时会产生抗氧化损伤;当蚯蚓饲喂喷洒达212.4 mg/m^(2)氯氰菊酯的蔬菜废弃物时,可造成蚯蚓抗氧化系统及其体壁和肠壁的损伤。因此,利用蚯蚓处理蔬菜废弃物的过程中,必须严格控制蔬菜中常用农药氯氰菊酯的残留量和喷洒量,以保证蚯蚓在饲养过程中能正常地生长、发育和繁殖。

[Purpose]To study the effect of cypermethrin residue in vegetable waste on the growth,reproduction and development of earthworm.[Methods]According to GB/T 21809—2008,short-term exposure tests and 28-day feeding tests were conducted to study the effects of chlorocyanide residues in vegetable waste on radon antioxidant enzyme activity,tissue pathological changes,and body cavity cells.[Results]When earthworms were fed with vegetable wastes containing cypermethrin for 7 days,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)increased significantly(P<0.05),and the proportion of early apoptosis of body cavity cells in-creased,while the activity of SOD decreased significantly(P<0.05)after 24 h of exposure,and the proportion of early apoptosis of body cavity cells increased.Exposure to cypermethrin for 48 h and 72 h and feeding of vegetable wastes containing cypermethrin for 14 and 21 days damaged the antiox-idant system,resulting in a significant decrease in SOD and POD(P<0.05),MDA content increased significantly(P<0.05),and an increase in the proportion of late apoptosis in body cavity cells.After 28 d feeding,the activities of SOD and POD of earthworms decreased significantly(P<0.05).The res-ults of feeding test showed that on the 14th day,in the medium and high dose groups,the epithelial cells of body wall fell off,the intestinal cavity expanded,the intestinal epithelial cells degenerated and necrotized,the yellow cells necrotized and the nuclei disappeared;on the 14th day,the early and late apoptosis of coelom cells reached the maximum and then decreased gradually.[Conclusion]When the dose of cypermethrin was higher than 4.472μg/cm^(2),the earthworm suffered antioxidant damage after being exposed;when the content of cypermethrin reached 212.4 mg/m^(2) of vegetable waste,dam-age can be caused to earthworm antioxidant system and its body wall,intestinal wall.Therefore,in the process of using earthworm to deal with vegetable waste,we must strictly control the residues of cypermethrin in vegetables,in order to ensure the earthworm in the process of feeding can normal growth,development,reproduction,so as to decompose vegetable waste.