土壤耕层重构对烤烟农艺性状和根际土壤微生物多样性的影响

Effect of Soil Tilth Layer Reconstruction on the Flue-cured Tobacco Agronomic Character and Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity

【目的】探讨耕层重构后烤烟生长及根际土壤微生物多样性。【方法】以植烟土壤为研究对象,探讨常规旋耕(对照,T_(1))、0~20 cm与>20~40 cm土层置换(T_(2))和0~15 cm耕层与>15~30 cm土层置换(T_(3))对根际土壤微生物多样性和烤烟生长的影响。【结果】与T_(1)相比,耕层重构处理(T_(2)和T_(3))能显著提高烤烟株高、最大叶面积及烟叶产量(P<0.05),T_(2)烟叶产量较T_(1)增加了14.31%;耕层重构提高了植烟土壤细菌的丰富度和多样性,降低了真菌的丰富度和多样性,曲霉属(Aspergillus)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)等有益微生物相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。【结论】综合分析耕层重构根际土壤微生物的多样性与烤烟生长的关系,适宜的土壤耕层重构方式(T_(2))是改善烟田土壤微生态环境、提高烟叶产质量的有效措施。

[Purpose]To investigate the growth of flue-cured tobacco and the microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil after the reconstruction of the plough layer.[Method]We took tobacco soil as the research object to explore the effects of conventional tillage(control,T_(1)),0-20 cm and>20-40 cm soil replacement(T_(2))and 0-15 cm and>15-30 cm soil replacement(T_(3))on rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and growth of flue-cured tobacco.[Result]Compared with T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) treatments signi-ficantly increased plant height,leaf area and leaf yield(P<0.05),and T_(2) leaf yield increased by 14.31%compared with T_(1);tilth reconstruction improved the richness and diversity of soil bacteria and reduced the richness and diversity of fungi,and the relative abundance of beneficial microor-ganisms such as Aspergillus,Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria increased significantly(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Based on the comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the diversity of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere and the growth of flue-cured tobacco,the appropriate soil layer re-construction method(T_(2))is an effective measure to improve the soil microecological environment and the quality of tobacco leaves.