核内小体的复杂结构与多样化功能

Complex structures and diverse functions of nuclear bodies: a review

核内小体是定位于细胞核内的无膜结构,为多蛋白-RNA复合体,通过招募相关蛋白参与基因转录、RNA剪切、表观遗传调控、肿瘤发生与抑制及抗病毒防御等多种细胞活动。明确核内小体蛋白的形成过程、功能和调控机制对研究相关疾病与病毒-宿主作用机制均具有重要意义。以下以几种核内小体蛋白为例,对核内小体的形成方式、结构与功能进行综述,并重点阐述其在抗病毒感染中的重要作用,期望为宿主抗病毒免疫机制研究提供一个新的靶标。

Nuclear bodies are membrane-free nuclear substructures that are localized in the mammalian nuclear matrix region. They are multiprotein complexes that recruit other proteins to participate in various cellular activities, such as transcription, RNA splicing, epigenetic regulation, tumorigenesis and antiviral defense. It is of great significance to clarify the functions and regulatory mechanisms of nuclear bodies to probe related diseases and virus-host interactions. This review takes several nuclear bodies associated proteins as examples, summarizes the formation process, structure and functions of nuclear bodies, and focuses on their important roles in antiviral infection. It is expected to provide new insight into host antiviral mechanisms.