某汽车制造企业男性噪声作业工人高频听力损失影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of high-frequency hearing loss among male noise workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise

目的分析广州市某汽车制造企业男性噪声作业工人高频听力损失状况及危险因素。方法于2020年2月,采用整群抽样方法,选取2018年广州市某汽车制造企业暴露于噪声作业3486名男性工人,经筛选最终选取2608人为研究对象,对其进行纯音听阈测试检查、噪声接触水平检测及问卷调查,计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE),应用χ^(2)检验及多因素logistic回归分析各因素与高频听力损失发生的关系。结果噪声作业工人高频听力损失检出率为34.20%(892/2608),单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、婚姻状况、接噪工龄、噪声接触等效A声级、CNE、上班工作制及接触电磁辐射情况在两组工人中的分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析提示,年龄、CNE、接触电磁辐射是高频听力损失发生的危险因素(P<0.05),三班两倒工作班制相较于白班制是高频听力损失发生的保护因素(OR=0.523,P<0.01)。结论汽车制造企业噪声是接噪作业人员高频听力损失的主要影响因素,企业应加强工作场所噪声治理,改善电磁辐射作业环境,实行科学健康的工作班制。

Objective To analysis of high-frequency hearing loss status and risk factors among male noise workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou.Methods From February 2020,a cluster sampling method was used to select 3486 male workers exposed to noise in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou in 2018.After screening,2608 were selected as the research objects.Pure tone hearing threshold test,noise exposure level test and questionnaire survey were conducted,and the cumulative noise exposure was calculated.Chi square test and unconditional logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between various factors and high frequency hearing loss.Results The detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss in noise exposed workers was 34.20%(892/2608),there were significant differences in the two groups among age,marital status,years of noise exposure,noise exposure equivalent A sound level,CNE,different working hours and exposure to electromagnetic radiation(P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age,CNE and exposure to electromagnetic radiation were independent risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss(P<0.05),three shifts and two shifts were the protective factors for the occurrence of high-frequency hearing loss(OR=0.523,P<0.01).Conclusion Noise exposure is the main influencing factor of high-frequency hearing loss of noise-receiving workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises.Enterprises should strengthen noise control in the workplace,improve the working environment of electromagnetic radiation,and implement a scientific and healthy work shift system.