某糖果制造企业噪声和粉尘接触人员健康调查及分析

Health survey and analysis of workers exposed to noise and dust in a candy manufacturing enterprise

目的了解糖果制造企业存在的职业病危害因素及其职工的健康状况,验证噪声对心血管和消化等系统的非特异作用,并进一步探讨噪声和粉尘对职工健康的联合作用。方法于2019年选取广州市某糖果厂564名职工为研究对象,根据职业病危害因素接触情况将研究对象分为对照组(101人)、噪声接触组(272人)和噪声粉尘联合接触组(191人),按照GBZ 188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》的要求对职工进行职业健康检查,并按性别、年龄和工龄对血压、常规心电图、肝功能和双耳纯音听阈等指标进行分层分析。结果对照组、噪声接触组和噪声粉尘联合接触组作业人员听力异常率分别为12.9%(13/101)、24.6%(67/272)和36.1%(69/191),呈明显的递增趋势(P<0.05);与对照组比较,噪声接触组和噪声粉尘联合接触组作业人员心电图、血压异常率和脂肪肝检出率均明显升高(P<0.017);男职工的听力异常率和脂肪肝检出率在三组间存在递增趋势(P<0.05);40~49岁职工的听力和血压异常率存在递增趋势(P<0.05);≥50岁及工龄<10、10~19年职工的听力异常率存在递增趋势(P<0.05);工龄≥20年职工的心电图异常率和脂肪肝检出率存在递增趋势(P<0.05)。结论噪声是糖果制造企业主要的职业病危害因素,可能与心血管和消化系统损伤有关,同时粉尘对噪声导致的听力损失可能有加强作用。

Objective To investigate the occupational hazards and the health status of workers in a candy manufacturing enterprise,to study the nonspecific effects of noise on cardiovascular and digestive systems,and to further explore the combined effect of noise and dust on workers'health.Methods In 2019,all 564 employees of a candy manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou were selected as the research objects.According to the exposure to occupational hazards,the research objects were divided into control group(101 persons),noise exposure group(272 persons)and noise dust combined exposure group(191 persons).According to the requirements of GBZ 188-2014"Technical Specification for Occupational Health Monitoring",the employees were given occupational health examination.Blood pressure,electrocardiogram,liver function,binaural pure tone audiometry and other indicators were analyzed by gender,age and length of service.Results The abnormal hearing rate of the workers in the control group,noise exposure group,and noise dust combined exposure group were 12.9%(13/101),24.6%(67/272),and 36.1%(69/191),respectively,showing a significant increasing trend(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the abnormal rates of electrocardiogram,abnormal blood pressure and fatty liver detection rate of the workers in the noise exposure group and the noise dust combined exposure group were significantly increased(P<0.017).The abnormal hearing rate and fatty liver detection rate of male employees showed an increasing trend among the three groups(P<0.05).The abnormal hearing and blood pressure rates of 40 to 49-year-old employees showed an increasing trend(P<0.05).The rates of abnormal hearing of employees with≥50 years old and working experience<10 and 10-19 years showed an increasing trend(P<0.05).The abnormal rate of electrocardiogram and the fatty liver detection rate of employees with more than 20 years of service had an increasing trend(P<0.05).Conclusion Noise is the main occupational hazard factor in candy manufacturing enterprises,which may be related to cardiovascular system and digestive system damage.At the same time,dust may strengthen the hearing loss caused by noise.