餐饮行业网约配送员工作有关肌肉骨骼疾患的工效学影响因素研究

Study on ergonomic influencing factors of work-related muscular skeletal disorders in online delivery staff in the catering industry

目的分析餐饮行业网约配送员工作有关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSD)的工效学影响因素。方法于2019年10月,对哈尔滨市南岗区、香坊区和松北区的137名餐饮行业网约配送员进行了WMSD的问卷调研和振动测试。采用二元logistic回归分析餐饮行业网约配送员WMSD发生的影响因素。结果137名研究对象中,发生WMSD者93名(67.9%),颈部(35.8%,49/137)和肩膀(35.8%,49/137)是WMSD发生率最高的部位。研究对象人体全身振动(WBV)A(8)和手臂振动(HAV)A(8)分别为0.43(0.16,0.87)m/s^(2)和2.25(1.22,6.35)m/s^(2)。二元logistic回归分析显示,HAV A(8)高是餐饮行业网约配送员WMSD发生的危险因素(OR=3.053,95%CI:1.126~8.280);每日骑行时长≤6 h和工作年限12~18月是餐饮行业网约配送员WMSD发生的保护因素(OR=0.175,95%CI:0.052~0.581;OR=0.152,95%CI:0.040~0.567)。结论餐饮行业网约配送员WMSD发生率较高,主要与HAV、每日骑行时长和工作年限有关。亟须加强对餐饮行业网约配送员交通工具、安全头盔等作业工具的优化设计,并实施工效学干预,以提高餐饮行业网约配送员的职业安全。

Objective To analyze the ergonomic influencing factors of work-related muscular skeletal disorders(WMSD)of online delivery staff in the catering industry.Methods In October 2019,137 online delivery staff in the catering industry from Nangang District,Xiangfang District and Songbei District in Harbin were investigated by questionnaire and vibration test.The influencing factors of the occurrence of WMSD among online delivery staff were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis.Results Among the 137 subjects,93(67.9%)had WMSD,and the prevalence rates of neck(35.8%,49/137)and shoulder(35.8%,49/137)were highest.The whole-body vibration(WBV)A(8)and hand-arm vibration(HAV)A(8)of the subjects were 0.43(0.16,0.87)m/s^(2) and 2.25(1.22,6.35)m/s^(2),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high HAV A(8)was significant risk factor for WMSD of online delivery staff(OR=3.053,95%CI:1.126-8.280),daily riding time≤6 h and working years during12-18 months were protective factors for WMSD of online delivery staff(OR=0.175,95%CI:0.052-0.581;OR=0.152,95%CI:0.040-0.567).Conclusion The high incidence of WMSD for online delivery staff in the catering industry is mainly related to HAV,daily riding time and working years.Researchers need to strengthen the research on the transportation,helmets and other work equipment and task arrangements of online delivery staff in order to improve the labor safety of online delivery staff.