我国煤矿井下作业场所呼吸性粉尘危害现状调查

Investigation on the status of respirable dust hazards in underground mines in China

目的了解我国煤矿井下作业场所呼吸性粉尘(呼尘)危害程度,为尘肺防治提供参考。方法2016至2018年选择全国有代表性的98家井工煤矿,采用现场调查和现场检测方法,对井下工作面呼尘浓度进行检测,对29家煤矿井下工作面的防尘措施进行调查并针对井下作业场所呼尘危害程度进行统计分析。结果98家井下煤矿检测个体煤尘(呼尘)浓度样品1238个,浓度为4.0(2.2,7.3)mg/m^(3),超标率为73.3%(908/1238);采煤面煤尘(呼尘)浓度为5.4(3.0,10.6)mg/m^(3),掘进面煤尘(呼尘)浓度为3.7(2.1,7.2)mg/m^(3)。采煤面呼尘浓度超标率高于掘进面,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。防尘措施应用上,57.7%(15/26)的采煤面和42.9%(9/21)的掘进面有煤层注水,采煤机、掘进机高压喷雾仅占38.5%(10/26)和28.6%(6/21)。结论煤矿井下工作面煤尘(呼尘)浓度严重超标,防尘措施未落实到位,应制定井工煤矿呼尘分级管理强制标准,加大防尘技术研究和落实。

Objective To understand the hazard degree of respirable dust(exhaled dust)in coal mine underground workplaces in China,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.Methods A total of 98 representative coal mines were selected from 2016 to 2018,and the dust concentration of the underground working face was detected by the methods of on-the-spot investigation and on-the-spot detection,the dust control measures of 29 coal mines were investigated,and the hazard degree of dust exhaling in the underground working place was analyzed statistically.Results All 1238 samples of individual coal dust(exhaled dust)were detected in 98 underground coal mines,and the concentration was 4.0(2.2,7.3)mg/m^(3),the over-standard rate was 73.3%(908/1238).The concentration of coal dust(exhaled dust)in coal mining face was 5.4(3.0,10.6)mg/m^(3),and the concentration of coal dust(exhaled dust)in heading face was 3.7(2.1,7.2)mg/m^(3).The concentration exceeding standard rate of coal dust(exhaled dust)in coal mining face was higher than that in heading face,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Coal seam water injection was found in 57.7%(15/26)coal mining face and 42.9%(9/21)heading face in the application of dust control measures,and the high pressure spray of shearer roadheader only accounted for 38.5%(10/26)and 28.6%(6/21).Conclusion The concentration of coal dust(exhaled dust)in the underground face of coal mine is seriously exceeding the standard,and the dust prevention measures have not been put in place.Compulsory standards for classified management of dust in underground coal mines should be formulated,and the research and implementation of dust control technologies should be strengthened.