某汽车制造厂噪声作业人员高频听力损失调查

Investigation on high-frequency hearing loss of noise workers in an automobile factory

目的调查某汽车制造厂工人高频听力损失情况及影响因素,为噪声作业工人职业卫生管理提供科学依据。方法于2019年3至7月,采用整群抽样方法,选取某汽车制造厂2647名工人为研究对象,对其个人基本情况(如性别、年龄、文化程度、身高、体重等)、耳疾史、爆震史、耳毒性药物接触史和职业性噪声接触史等进行问卷调查及职业健康检查。利用χ^(2)检验比较不同人群高频听力损失检出率,利用多因素logistic回归模型分析高频听力损失的影响因素。结果2647名工人个体噪声声级为75.0~92.0 dB(A),平均为(84.14±2.47)dB(A);高频听力损失检出率为17.2%(456/2647)。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、工龄、噪声接触水平、糖尿病史、爆震史、吸烟和饮酒工人的高频听力损失检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男性、年龄≥30岁、吸烟和接触噪声是工人发生高频听力损失的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论汽车制造厂工人高频听力损失检出率较高,性别、年龄、吸烟和噪声均为工人高频听力损失的影响因素,应加强工作场所噪声治理,引导工人选择健康生活方式。

Objective To investigate the high-frequency hearing loss(HFHL)of workers in an automobile factory and its influencing factors,so as to provide a scientific basis for occupational health management of noise workers.Methods From March to July 2019,2647 workers from an automobile factory were selected as the research objects by cluster sampling method.The basic personal information(such as gender,age,education level,height,weight,etc.),history of ear disease,the history of detonation,history of exposure to ototoxic drugs,history of exposure to occupational noise,etc.,were investigated by questionnaire and occupational health examination.Chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates of HFHL in different populations,and multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of HFHL.Results The noise level of 2647 individual workers ranged from 75.0 dB(A)to 92.0 dB(A),with an average of(84.14±2.47)dB(A).The detection rate of HFHL was 17.2%(456/2647).There were significant differences in the the detection rate of HFHL among workers of different gender,age,educational level,working age,noise exposure level,diabetes history,detonation history,smoking and drinking workers(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male,age≥30 years old,smoking and noise exposure were risk factors for HFHL(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of HFHL in automobile factory workers is high.Gender,age,smoking and noise are the influencing factors of HFHL.It is necessary to strengthen the noise control in the workplace and guide workers to choose healthy lifestyle.