增材制造的现状与应用综述

Overview of the Present Situation and Application of Additive Manufacturing

目的为推动增材制造技术与新材料、新工艺和产业应用的加速融合提供技术信息参考。方法首先通过文献计量分析法,以“增材制造”为关键词,分别对2016—2021年的WOS和CNKI核心文献数据库的进行分析,得出近5年国内外增材制造的研究方向和研究热点;然后从增材制造技术的发展阶段、技术标准体系、材料类型、成形工艺类型等方面介绍增材制造技术的研究现状,着重梳理了不同材料与工艺类型增材制造技术的对应关系,归纳了各类增材制造技术的成形原理、材料、工艺特点和技术优势;接着探讨了增材制造技术在航空、航天、船舶、汽车、模具、铸造、建筑、医疗、文化创意等产业领域的应用场景和应用案例,以及产业化应用的问题;最后分析了国内增材制造面临的挑战和发展前景。结论综述了增材制造技术的现状与应用情况,为增材制造技术成果推广和产业应用提供技术资讯,具有一定的参考意义。

In order to promote the accelerated integration of additive manufacturing technology with new materials,new processes and industrial applications,this article is written to provide technical information reference.Firstly,the WOS and CNKI core databases from 2016 to 2021 are analyzed by using the bibliometric analysis methodwith“additive manufacturing”as the key word,and the research directions and research hotspots of the additive manufacturing at home and abroad in the past five yearsare obtained;and then the research status of additive manufacturing technology is introduced from the development stage of additive manufacturing technology,technical standard system,material type,forming process type,etc.,and the correspondence between different materials and process types of additive manufacturing technology is sorted outemphatically,the forming principles,materials,process characteristics and technical advantages of various additive manufacturing technologiesare summarized;and then theapplication scenarios and application cases of additive manufacturing technologiesin the industrial fieldsuch as aviation,aerospace,shipbuilding,automobiles,molds,casting,construction,medical care,cultural creativity,etc.as well as the problems of industrial application are discussed;finally,the challenges and development prospects of domestic additive manufacturing are analyzed.This article reviews the current situation and application of additive manufacturing technology,and provides technical information for the promotion of additive manufacturing technology achievements and industrial applications,which has certain reference significance.