突发水环境重金属污染事件溯源方法与应用案例

Method of tracing the source of heavy metal pollution emergency in water environment and its application

快速准确溯源对于突发水环境重金属污染事件的应急处置和环境应急管理具有重要意义。提出了以污染物特征指纹识别、污染物总量核算、污染物浓度梯度变化、污染物迁移时间与路径等4方面为基础的“四位一体”的突发水环境重金属污染事件溯源方法。进一步以2017年嘉陵江流域突发铊污染事件为例,阐述了一次输入型突发水环境重金属污染事件溯源分析要点,分析了特征污染物识别、污染物总量核算、污染物浓度及其变化规律、特征污染物迁移与水文数据吻合程度等关键因素,逐步锁定事故污染源和肇事企业,进而探讨了本次污染事故的发生成因。本研究可为一次性排污或连续性排污的重金属污染源的溯源提供参考。

It is of great significance to trace the source of heavy metal pollution quickly and accurately for environmental emergency treatment and management.This research proposed a"four-in-one"method for tracing the source of emergent heavy metal pollution incidents in water environment based on fingerprint identification,total amount accounting,concentration gradient,migration time and path of pollutants.Furthermore,based on the Jialing river thallium pollution accident occurred in year 2017 in Sichuan,China,the authors explained the key points for tracing the source of one-off heavy metal pollution emergency in water environment.The key factors such as the identification of characteristic pollutants,total amount accounting,the changing patterns of pollutant concentration,and the degree of agreement between characteristic pollutant migration and hydrological data were also analyzed.According to these analyses,the pollution source was gradually identified and the cause of the pollution accident was investigated.This study can be applied to trace the source of one-off or continuous blowdown of heavy metal pollution emergency in water environment.