1985—2020年河南省育成大豆品种亲缘分析及骨干亲本挖掘

Genetic Analysis and Backbone Parents Mining of Soybean Cultivated in Henan Province from 1985 to 2020

为给大豆育种选配亲本提供参考依据,对河南省1985—2020年育成的132个大豆品种进行系谱追溯,系统分析其育种方式、亲本组成、细胞核、细胞质遗传贡献率,并归纳骨干亲本。结果表明:常规杂交是河南省大豆品种选育的主要途径,占参试品种的85.5%。132个品种共有185个细胞核遗传的原始亲本,核遗传率最大的祖先亲本是齐黄1号,其次是沁阳水白豆和野岗1号;共59个细胞质遗传的原始亲本,遗传率最高的是郑80024-10。常被用作育成大豆品种直接亲本的有濮豆6018、郑9805、郑59、开豆4号和周豆23。根据衍生品种数归纳出6个骨干亲本,包括豫豆2号、豫豆3号、豫豆10号、豫豆18和豫豆22。其中豫豆2号作为亲本衍生出57个大豆品种,占参试育成大豆品种的43.2%,为河南省大豆育种作出了重大贡献。

In order to provide a reference for the selection of parents for soybean breeding, we traced the pedigree of 132 soybean varieties released in Henan Province from 1985 to 2020. We systematically analyzed their breeding methods, parent composition, cell nucleus and cytoplasm genetic contribution, and summarized backbone parent. The results showed that, the conventional hybridization was the main breeding way of tested varieties, accounting for 85.5%. There were 185 original parents of nuclear inheritance for the 132 varieties, and the parent with the highest nuclear genetic contribution was Qihuang 1, followed by the Qinyangbaishuidou and Yegang 1. There were 59 original parents of cytoplasmic inheritance, and the parent with the highest cytoplasmic genetic contribution was Zheng 80024-10. The soybean varieties often used as direct parents were Pudou 6018, Zheng 9805, Zheng 59, Kaidou 4 and Zhoudou 23. According to the number of derived varieties, we summarized six backbone parents including Yudou 2, Yudou 3, Yudou 10, Yudou 18 and Yudou 22. Among them, Yudou 2 was used as parent to derive 57 soybean varieties, accounting for 43.2% of the tested soybean varieties, which has made a significant contribution to soybean breeding in Henan Province.