株行距配置对大豆农艺性状和产量的影响

Effects of Different Spacing Configurations on Soybean Agronomic Traits and Yield

为筛选出适宜四川丘陵山区大豆生产的株行距配置,以结荚习性不同的两个大豆品种南夏豆25和南农99-6为试验材料,分析不同株行距配置下的大豆农艺性状和产量构成因素。结果表明:密度为25万株·hm^(-2)时,相同株距下行距配置的变化对主茎高度和重心高度影响不明显,株距从8 cm扩大到10 cm有利于抑制植株主茎高度的增加。重心高度/主茎高度表现为品种间差异显著而不同株行距配置间无显著差异,表明其主要受品种遗传特性调控。不同株行距配置对主茎节数无显著影响,但通过改变植株高度影响了主茎的平均节间长度;株距从8 cm扩大到10 cm有利于基部节间粗度的增加,基部节间的长粗比受行距和株距配置的共同调控。宽窄行有利于大豆单株粒数的增加,且在平均行距为40 cm时表现更为明显,并有利于大豆百粒重的增加,品种南豆25的表现更为明显。株距8 cm、宽窄行60 cm+40 cm的配置下大豆单株产量显著高于株距10 cm、等行距40 cm,植株分布均匀更有利于个体生产潜力的发挥。

Two soybean varieties with different podding habits, Nandou 25 and Nannong 99-6 were used as materials in field experiment to investigate the agronomic traits and yield under different spacing configurations. The result showed that, when the density was 250 000 plants·ha^(-1), the change of row spacing configuration under the same plant spacing had no obvious influence on the main stem height and gravity center height. The increase of plant distance from 8 cm to 10 cm was beneficial to restrain the increase of the main stem height. The gravity center height to the main stem height was significantly different among varieties, but there was no significant difference between different row spacing configurations, indicating that it was mainly controlled by the genetic characteristics of varieties. The arrangement of row spacing had no significant effect on the number of main stem nodes, but the average internode length of main stem was affected by the changing of plant height. The increase of pitch from 8 cm to 10 cm was beneficial to the increase of pitch between base nodes. The ratio of length to thickness between base nodes was controlled by line spacing configuration and plant spacing. The width and narrow row was beneficial to the increase of the number of seeds per plant, and it was more obvious when the average line spacing was 40 cm, and it is conducive to the increase of 100-seed weight of soybean, and the performance of variety Nandou 25 was more obvious. The yield of soybean of plant space 8 cm with wide and narrow row 60 cm+40 cm configuration was significantly higher than that of 10 cm and 40 cm configuration, and the uniform distribution of plants was more favorable for the development of individual production potential.