福建省本地稻谷及糙米常见真菌毒素污染状况研究

Study on the contamination of mycrotoxins in local unhucked rice and brown rice in Fujian,China

目的了解福建省本地稻谷及糙米中常见真菌毒素的污染情况,发现可能存在的风险。方法用同位素内标稀释超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,测定福建省内2018—2019年150份未脱壳稻谷和119份糙米中16种常见真菌毒素的含量。结果稻谷150份和糙米119份各有1份样品黄曲霉毒素B_(1)超过GB 2761-2017限量指标,超标率分别为0.7%和0.8%;脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、黄曲霉毒素B_(2)(AFTB_(2))、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、伏马毒素B_(1)(FB_(1))和B_(2)(FB_(2))有检出,但含量低;糙米储存4个月前后的黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(AFB_(1))、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、伏马毒素B_(1)(FB_(1))和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的检出率比较可见,储存4个月后糙米玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)检出率与检测值高于储存前;脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)和伏马毒素B_(1)(FB_(1))的检测值高于储存前的检测值。结论黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(AFB_(1))是福建省本地稻谷及糙米最重要的污染物;糙米的储存、加工周期长,真菌毒素污染情况受储存条件影响大,应加强糙米等杂粮中真菌毒素污染的监测。

Objective To study the contamination of mycrotoxins in local unhucked rice and brown rice in Fujian and find out the possible risks.Method The contamination of 16 types of mycrotoxins in 150 unhucked rice and 119 brown rice in Fujian were detected from 2018 to 2019 by using isotope internal standards dillusion-ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method.Results The residues of aflatoxin B_(1)in one unhucked rice and one brown rice were higher than the maximum levels according to GB 2761-2017 and the rates were 0.7%and 0.8%.Deoxynivalenol(DON),aflatoxin B_(2)(AFTB_(2)),ochratoxin A(OTA),zearalenone(ZEN),fumonisin B_(1)(FB_(1))and fumonisin B_(2)(FB_(2))were detected out and the residues were at lower levels.Compared with aflatoxin B_(1),deoxynivalenol,fumarin B_(1)and zearalenone in brown rice before and after four months storage,the positive rate and values of zearalenone in brown rice after four months storage were higher than before.The detection values of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B_(1)after 4 months storage were higher than before.Conclusion Aflatoxin B_(1)is the most important contamination in local unhucked rice and brown rice in Fujian.There exist a long-term of storage and processing time for brown rice,the residues of mycrotoxin in brown rice were affected by storage conditions.The monitoring of mycrotoxins contamination in coarse cereals,especially in brown rice,should be strengthened in the future.