突水作用下地下水位降落漏斗演变过程分析

Analysis of evolution process of groundwater level drop funnel under action of water inrush

煤矿开采对地下水疏排必然产生区域性的地下水降落漏斗,大型突水和开采疏排点的转移将造成漏斗演变。针对突水和开采主要作用下的地下水位降落漏斗演变过程,采用地下水由高水位流向低水位的理论,以裴沟煤矿2011—2020年的突水、开采及水位变化资料为基础,研究局部地下水径流改变与主要因素的关系,发现发生大型底板突水后将破坏和改变原来的地下水径流方向,径流补给的波及范围由近及远,水位降深初始以垂向发展为主,之后横向扩展速率增大,地下水位降落漏斗经历形成—加剧—稳定—转移的演变过程,当补给和排泄达到相对稳定状态后,漏斗中心将随开采区域集中疏排点的改变而转移,演变成“一主多辅”的多中心漏斗形态。预测未来几年裴沟矿区和郑州矿区因区域疏排量减小将造成煤矿开采区水位逐步抬升和漏斗逐渐被填平,是突水点附近水害威胁严重区域合格规划开采时间和布置灾害治理工程较为重要的科学依据。

Coal mining will inevitably produce a regional groundwater drop funnel for groundwater drainage.Large-scale water inrush and the transfer of mining drainage points will cause the funnel to evolve.Aiming at the evolution process of the groundwater level falling funnel under the main effects of water inrush and mining,the theory of groundwater flowing from high water level to low water level was adopted.Based on the data of water inrush,mining and water level changes in Peigou Coal Mine from 2011 year to 2020 year,local groundwater was studied.The relationship between the change of runoff and the main factors,it was found that the large-scale floor water inrush would destroy and change the original groundwater runoff direction.The range of runoff recharge was from near to far,and the water level dropped initially to develop mainly in the vertical direction,and then the rate of lateral expansion as the groundwater level falls,the funnel undergoes an evolutionary process of formation-intensification-stabilization-transfer.When the recharge and drainage reached a relatively stable state,the center of the funnel would shift with the change of the concentrated drainage point in the mining area,evolving into"one master,multiple auxiliary"multi-center funnel shape.It was predicted that in the next few years,the water level in the coal mining area would gradually rise and the funnel would be gradually filled due to the reduction of regional drainage volume in the Peigou mining area and Zhengzhou mining area.It was an important scientific basis for the qualified planning of mining time and the arrangement of disaster control projects in areas with serious water hazard threats near the water inrush point.