论数据主权谦抑性:法理、现实与规则构造

On Data Sovereignty's Modesty: Jurisprudence, Reality and Rules' Construction

[目的/意义]各国之间的数据竞争和数据主权博弈已越演越烈,严重影响了国家间经贸往来,保持数据主权谦抑性则是解决各国在数据领域中冲突之关键。[方法/过程]在大数据的时代背景下分析现代主权的发展趋势,进而阐述数据主权谦抑性的法理基础和现实路径。在法理上,数据主权谦抑性顺应了大数据时代和现代相互依赖主权的发展趋势,亦是维护个人数据权利和实现数据价值的需要。在实践上,数据主权谦抑性在各国法律中均有体现。[结果/结论]各国应在保持数据主权的相对性,实现数据主权价值多元化,平衡数据跨境流动中多重利益的理念下,实施数据分类管理和分级审核、合理定位国家角色、禁止绝对型数据本地化并开展数据跨境合作,以保持数据主权谦抑性。我国也应完善数据跨境流动立法,着眼于法律和技术双重维度并积极开展国际合作。

[Purpose/Significance]Data competition and data sovereignty games have become increasingly fierce,which has seriously affected the economic and trade contact between countries.Maintaining the modesty of data sovereignty is the key to resolving countries'conflicts in data field.[Method/Process]This paper analyzed the development trend of modern sovereignty in the context of big data era and then elaborated the legal basis and realistic paths of data sovereignty's modesty.From a legal point of view,data sovereignty's modesty is to comply with the development trend of the big data era and modern interdependent sovereignty,and it is also helpful to safeguard personal data rights and realize data value.In practice,the data sovereignty's modesty is reflected in the laws of various countries.[Result/Conclusion]Under the concepts of data sovereignty's relativity,multiple value and multiple interests balancing,sovereign countries should implement data classification,play a reasonable role,prohibit absolute data localization,and carry out data cross-border cooperation with other countries to maintain data sovereignty's modesty.China should improve laws on cross-border data flows,focus on the dual dimensions of law and technology,and actively carry out international cooperation.