晋北仁(肉)用杏晚霜冻害与气象因子和地理环境的关系分析

Analysis of Relationship Between Late Frost Damage to Apricot in Northern Shanxi and Meteorological Factors and Geographical Environment

基于19722018年山西省阳高县气象观测站数据、2018年杏园小气候资料和19952018年杏晚霜冻害资料,分析了晋北仁(肉)用杏晚霜冻害与气象因子和地理环境的关系,计算了积温与减产率的相关关系,逐小时气温与逐小时风速、相对湿度的相关关系,当日最低气温与当日0106时最小相对湿度、当日0106时10 min平均风速、前一日14时气温、前一日10 min最大风速偏相关关系。结果表明:随着全球气候变暖,阳高县杏树萌动期至盛花期、萌动期至幼果期的积温分别以2.564、3.241℃·d·a^(-1)的速率逐年增加。积温与减产率呈正相关,逐小时气温与逐小时风速、相对湿度呈正相关关系。当日最低气温与当日0106时最小相对湿度、当日0106时10 min平均风速、前一日14时气温、前一日10 min最大风速的偏相关系数的大小顺序依次为与前一日14时气温的>与当日0106时最小相对湿度的>与当日0106时10 min平均风速的>与前一日10 min最大风速的。由于阳高气象观测站与杏园区地理位置、环境条件不同,阳高县气象观测站气温较杏园气温高。晋北黄土高原高寒区春季4月纬度每抬高1°,气温降低3.1℃;海拔每升高100 m,气温降低0.7℃。

Based on the meteorological data of Yanggao Weather Station,Shanxi province from 1972 to 2018,the apricot orchard data in 2018 and the late frost damage data of apricot from 1995 to 2018,this paper analyzes the relationship between the late frost damage to apricot and the meteorological factors and geographical environment.Besides,the paper also calculates the correlation between accumulated temperature and yield reduction rate,the correlation between hourly temperature and hourly wind speed and relative humidity as well as the partial correlations between the lowest temperature on the day and the 01:00—06:1010 min average wind speed on the day,minimum relative humidity in 01:00—06:00 on the day,temperature at 14:00 on the day before,and 10 min maximum wind speed on the day before.The results show that with global warming,the accumulated temperatures for apricot trees from germination to full bloom stage and from germination to young fruit stage increase annually by 2.564 and 3.241℃·d·a^(-1),respectively.The accumulated temperature is positively correlated with the yield reduction rate,and the hourly temperature is positively correlated with hourly wind speed and relative humidity.The partial correlation coefficients between the minimum temperature on the day and the elements including the minimum relative humidity from 01:00 to 06:00 on the day,the 10 min average wind speed from 01:00 to 06:00 on the day,the temperature at 14:00 of the day before and the maximum 10 min wind speed of the day before are as follows:the temperature at 14:00 of the day before>the minimum relative humidity from 01:00 to 06:00 of the day>the average wind speed in 01:00—06:00 on the day before>the maximum 10 min wind speed of the day before.Due to different geographical and environmental conditions,the temperature at Yanggao Weather Station is higher than that in the apricot orchard.In April,as the latitude increases by 1°,temperature decreases by 3.1℃,and moreover temperature decreases by 0.7℃for every 100 m elevation increase.