不同品种与播期对麦棉套作棉花生长、产量及棉铃空间分布的影响

Effects of Variety and Sowing Date on Cotton Growth,Yield and Cotton Boll Spatial Distribution in Wheat-Cotton Intercropping

【目的】在麦棉两熟种植模式下,研究不同品种与播期对棉花生长、产量以及棉铃空间分布的影响,为棉花播期及品种选育提供依据。【方法】在大田试验中,设置裂区试验,以2个早熟棉品种锦科707和鲁棉2387为主区,4个播期5月10日(SD 1),5月20日(SD 2),5月30日(SD 3),6月10日(SD 4)为副区,分析不同品种和播期对棉花生育期进程、叶面积指数、干物质积累、棉株内部铃重及空间分布的影响。【结果】(1)随着播期的推迟,2个品种均表现为苗期不变,蕾期缩短,开花期和吐絮期先缩短后延长的趋势,锦科707在SD 1处理,鲁棉2387在SD 2处理下有利于营养器官向生殖器官转移;(2)品种和播期对棉花产量存在显著的互作效应,锦科707在SD 1处理下皮棉产量最高,为1873 kg/hm^(2),鲁棉2387在SD 2处理下皮棉产量最高,为1767 kg/hm^(2);(3)锦科707在SD 1处理中,上部和中部铃重最大,而下部铃重SD 3最大,鲁棉2387在SD 2处理中,下部、中部、上部铃重均高于其他处理。同一品种不同播期间,下部和中部成铃分布比例随播期的推迟而增加,而上部则成铃分布比例随播期的推迟而降低。【结论】在黄河流域麦棉套作种植模式下,过晚播种会导致产量严重降低,锦科707在5月10日,鲁棉2387在5月20日左右播种较为适宜。

【Objective】This project aims to study the effects of different varieties and sowing dates on cotton growth,yield and boll distribution under wheat cotton intercropping system with a view to providing basis for sowing date and variety selection.【Method】In the field experiment,the split-plot design was applied,two early maturing cotton varieties(Jinke 707 and Lumian 2387)were used as the main plot,4 sowing dates including May 10(SD 1),May 20(SD 2),May 30(SD 3),June 10(SD 4)were the sub-plot,and the effects of different varieties and sowing dates on cotton growing period,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,boll weight distribution within cotton plant were investigated.【Result】(1)With the delay of sowing dates,the seedling stage kept stable,the squaring stage was shortened,the flowering stage and the boll opening stage was shortened first and then extended.Jinke 707 under SD 1,Lumian 2387 under SD 2 were beneficial to the transfer of vegetative organs to reproductive organs.(2)Varieties and sowing dates had significant interaction on cotton yield.Jinke 707 had the highest lint yield under SD 1,which was 1,873 kg/hm^(2).The yield of Lumian 2387 under SD 2 was the highest(1,767 kg/hm^(2)).(3)The average boll weight of Jinke 707 was the greatest in the upper and middle cotton plant of SD 1,while that of the lower part of SD 3 treatment was the largest.The boll weight of Lumian 2387 in the lower,middle and upper part of SD 2 treatment was higher than that of other treatments.The boll distribution proportion of the lower and middle part increased with the delay of sowing time,while that of the upper part decreased with the delay of sowing time.【Conclusion】Under the wheat-cotton intercropping system in the Yellow River basin,too late sowing will lead to a serious decrease in yield.In order to achieve high yield of cotton,Jinke 707 is sui Table for sowing on May 10 and Lumian cotton 2387 on May 20.