2020年国际空间站科研与应用进展

Progress of Scientific Research and Application on theInternational Space Station in 2020

为了解国际空间站最新科研与应用活动情况,以供中国未来空间站科研应用规划参考,回顾了2019年9月到2020年10月国际空间站在技术开发与验证、物理科学、生物学与生物技术、人体研究、教育和文化活动及地球与空间科学6个领域的科研与应用情况,重点分析了6个领域中有特点的新实验,并结合这一时期新取得的亮点研究成果,反映国际空间站科研与应用取得的新进展。研究表明:2020年国际空间站继续开展大规模科研与应用活动,新实验比例可观,NASA支持开展的实验和其中新实验数量均遥遥领先,ESA和日本宇宙航空研究开发机构JAXA实验规模相当,加拿大航天机构CSA实验最少;NASA和JAXA在技术开发、ESA在物理科学、CSA在人体研究领域更为聚焦。

To summarize the latest scientific research and application activities of the International Space Station(ISS)and provide reference for scientific planning of China’s space station,the overall situation of scientific research and application activities on the ISS from September 2019 to October 2020 were reviewed from six aspects including technology development and demonstration,physical science,biology and biotechnology,human research,educational and cultural activities,and earth and space science,and new experiments and achievements were highlighted to reflect the scientific research and application progress during this period.The results showed that:In 2020,large-scale research and application activities continued to be carried out on the ISS,with a high proportion of new experiments.The number of NASA experiments and new experiments among them were far ahead.The number of ESA and JAXA experiments were close,and the number of CSA experiments was the least.Research priorities of each agency were different,with NASA and JAXA focusing on technology development and demonstration,ESA focusing on physical science,and CSA focusing on human research experiments.