政府创新支持与企业创新:制度理论和委托代理理论的整合

Government innovation support and enterprise innovation:An intergration view of institutional theory and agency theory

近年来,我国政府不断加大对企业科技活动的支持力度。与此同时,政府公共科技资源投入的合理性、有效性及其使用效率也一直受到质疑。以往研究对政府创新支持是促进还是阻碍了企业创新已有较多探讨,但结论并不一致。基于制度理论的观点,认为政府掌握着一些关键的资源,这些资源对企业创新来说至关重要。因此,加强与政府间联系,获得政府创新支持对企业创新会产生积极影响。基于委托代理理论的观点,则认为政府创新支持会产生委托代理问题,降低创新效率,不利于企业创新。事实上,制度理论侧重于探讨创新资源获取问题,委托代理理论侧重于创新资源的利用问题。因此,有必要将制度理论和委托代理理论进行整合,以全面揭示政府创新支持与企业创新的关系。文章以2011—2013年安徽省科技型企业为样本,实证研究发现政府创新支持与企业创新间存在倒U型关系。此外,研究还发现不同类型的政府创新支持对企业创新的影响存在差异性,产权性质对政府创新支持与企业创新的关系存在调节作用。

In recent years,Chinese government has been increasing its support for the scientific and technological activities of enterprises.At the same time,the rationality,effectiveness and efficiency of the government’s public scientific and technological resources investment have been questioned.Whether government innovation support is beneficial or hinders the innovation of enterprises has been discussed in the past,but the conclusions are not consistent.From the viewpoint of institutional logic,governments in emerging economies have a key impact on regulatory policies and control of scarce resources,and tend to think that government innovation policies will have a positive impact on enterprise innovation.From the viewpoint of efficiency logic,it is believed that government innovation policy will produce principal-agent problem,which is not conducive to enterprise innovation.Our research integrates the efficiency logic(agency theory)and the system logic.This research uses the Chinese enterprise innovation database and takes Anhui science and technology enterprises as samples from 2011 to 2013.It finds that in emerging economies,government innovation support policies enable enterprises to obtain key R&D resources,but reduce the efficiency of enterprises using these resources for innovation.In this case,there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the integration of institutional logic and efficiency logic,innovation support policy and enterprise innovation.In addition,the study also finds that different types of government innovation support have different impacts on enterprise innovation,and the nature of property right has a moderating effect on the relationship between government innovation policies and enterprise innovation.