苹果园绿盲蝽性诱剂监测与诱集方法研究

Methods for sex pheromone monitoring and trapping of Apolygus lucorum in apple orchard

【目的】探索应用性诱剂监测绿盲蝽(Apolygus lucorum)在苹果园的田间消长规律及诱杀防控效果。【方法】采用绿盲蝽性诱剂探究苹果园绿盲蝽的种群消长规律,研究不同悬挂高度、不同类型、不同设置密度以及不同颜色诱捕器对绿盲蝽的诱捕效果。【结果】绿盲蝽在苹果生长中后期有3个发生高峰,分别在8月12日、9月21日和11月4日;主要在傍晚及夜间活动。三角形诱捕器和凸形船式诱捕器诱捕效果较好,诱捕器悬挂高度为2 m时诱捕量显著高于悬挂高度为1 m时诱捕量(p<0.05)。诱捕器密度设置90个·hm^(-2)时的诱捕量显著多于密度设置135个·hm^(-2)时的诱捕量(p<0.05)。红、黄、白3种诱捕器颜色对绿盲蝽的诱捕效果没有显著影响。【结论】可选择凸形船式诱捕器对苹果园中的绿盲蝽开展监测诱杀,从3个不同设置高度的诱虫数量可以看出,诱捕器的悬挂高度为1.5~2.0 m较为适宜,田间诱杀防治每公顷设置诱捕器90个为宜。

【Objective】The occurrence of Apolygus lucorum in apple orchard is increasing.It tremendously affects the growth and output of apple trees.A.lucorum can absorb the juice of apple leaves,flowers and young fruits and damage apple leaves and flower buds,and cause fruit deformity or even shedding,resulting in serious economic losses.The application of insect sex pheromone in biological control of insect pests has attracted more and more attention due to its advantages of strong specificity,environmental friendliness,high sensitivity and safety to natural enemies.Rational use of synthetic insect sex pheromones for pest control is of great significance in the reduction of the use of pesticides.At present,A.lucorum has been controled using insect sex pheromone mainly by trapping the adult pests.The male adults of A.lucorum are trapped by the traps in the field,reducing the ratio of male to female and the number of adults in the field,thus decreasing the population base of the next generation.Although numerous researches have been conducted,there has been no report on the application of insect sex pheromone on A.lucorum in apple orchard.We explored the monitoring technology for A.lucorum by sex pheromone and determined the growth and decline rules of A.lucorum.The best combination of insect sex pheromone and trap was screened out,so as to realize the green control of A.lucorum in apple orchard.【Methods】The insect sex pheromone was used to monitor the occurrence dynamics of A.lucorum in apple orchard and the trapping effects of different hanging heights(1.0 m,1.5 m,2.0 m),types of traps(triangle,convex,concave),density of traps(45 per hm^(2),90 per hm^(2),135 per hm^(2))and colors of traps(red,yellow,white)on A.lucorum were evaluated.Traps were hanged up on the outside of the apple tree,and the number of A.lucorum captured in each trap was recorded weekly.The positions of the trap were changed periodically to reduce the error caused by the different insect population density in the orchard.【Results】Three occurrence peaks of A.lucorum in the middle and late growth stages of apple were found on August 12,September 21 and November 4 respectively.During the course of the experiment of the seasonal dynamics of A.lucorum,19 pests were captured by a single trap on November 4.It reached the second peak on September 21 and then decreased gradually.In the middle and last ten days of October,it flew to the apple orchard to lay eggs for overwintering,and the number increased gradually.After the middle of November,due to the decline of temperature,the number of A.lucorum decreased sharply,and kept stable until the end of November.They were mainly active in the evening and night.There were 9.92,9.25 and 12.44 pests trapped by convex,concave and triangular traps,respectively.Through statistical analysis,the trapping number of triangular trap was significantly higher than that of concave trap,while no significant difference was found between the number of pests trapped by the triangular trap and the convex trap(p<0.05).The number of target insects varied with the heights of the traps.The number of target insects was 7.33 when the trap was 1.5 m and 2.0 m above the ground.Their trapping capacity was more than that of the trap set at 1.0m above the ground(p<0.05).When the density of traps was set at 90 per hm^(2),and the maximum number of pests captured by a single trap was 9.67.There was no significant difference between 90 per hm^(2) and 45 per hm^(2),but when the trap density was 135 per hm^(2),the trapping effect was lower.The trapping amount of 90 per hm^(2) was significantly higher than that of 135 per hm^(2)(p<0.05).The colors had no significant effect on the trapping amount of A.lucorum.【Conclusion】The convex traps could be used to monitor the A.lucorum in apple orchard.The proper hanging height of the trap was 1.5-2.0 m and the proper density of the traps was 90 per hm^(2) in apple orchard.,The results of this study would provide a guidance for the scientific application of A.lucorum sex attractants in apple orchard.