量差与量否:“A不了多少”“A不到哪里去”

Quantity Difference and Quantity Negation“A bu liao duo shao”“A bu dao na li qv”

“A不了多少”与“A不到哪里去”都可以表示言者主观评述的有限程度量,但二者在语义上并不完全相同。“A不了多少”用于量差评价,表示比较对象之间的差别小,多出现在差比环境中;“A不到哪里去”用于量否评价,表示评述主体某一性状程度有限,可以出现在差比环境中,也可以出现在常式评价句中。同样在差比环境中,二者优势比较范畴不同,影响构式评价色彩的因素也不尽相同。组构成分的差异、结构划分与隐喻映射路径不同造成了两个构式在上述使用上的差别。

Both the constructions of“A bu liao duo shao”and“A bu dao na li qu”can express the limited degree of the speaker's subjective comment.But they are not exactly the same in semantics.“A bu liao duo shao”is used to evaluate the difference between the comparison objects,which means the difference between the comparison objects is small,and it is mostly used in the comparison environment;“A bu dao na li qu”is used to evaluate the difference,which means the degree of a certain character of the evaluation subject is limited,which can appear in the comparison environment or in the evaluation sentence of the common test.Similarly,in the contrast environment,the two types of adjectives are different,and the factors that affect the color of construction evaluation are also different.The differences in the use of the two constructions are caused by the differences in the constituent,the structural types and the metaphorical mapping paths.