后减贫时代中国老年多维贫困的测度

The Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty of the Chinese Elderly in the Post-Poverty Reduction Era

利用2013年和2018年中国居民收入分配课题组(CHIP)数据,通过构建老年多维贫困指标,测度我国老年多维贫困状况及其动态变化,并分析各类型转移性收入的多维减贫效应。结果发现,2013—2018年间,全国、城镇和农村老年多维贫困状况得到显著改善,贫困发生率分别下降13%、5%、8%,贫困程度分别下降11.6%、2.3%、5.3%。但在考虑收入相对贫困和健康贫困下,农村老年单维贫困状况趋于严重。其中,收入相对贫困和健康贫困对老年多维贫困的贡献率呈现上升趋势,住房设施贫困贡献率下降。养老金对缓解全国和城镇老年多维贫困的作用最为显著,子女赡养等私人转移性收入对缓解农村老年贫困作用较大。基于此,我国应着重发挥政府转移性收入的再分配效应,与家庭养老相结合,并进一步完善医疗保障体系,共同提高老年群体的收入水平和可行能力。

This paper uses the data of the China Income Distribution Research Group(CHIPS)in 2013 and 2018 to measure the multidimensional poverty status and dynamic changes of the elderly in China by constructing multidimensional poverty indicators for the elderly,and analyzes the multidimensional poverty reduction effects of various types of transfer income.The results found that,from 2013 to 2018,the national,urban and rural elderly multidimensional poverty situation has been significantly improved,the incidence of poverty has dropped by 13%,5%,and 8%respectively,and the poverty level has dropped by 11.6%,2.3%,and 5.3%,respectively.However,considering the relative poverty of income and poverty of health,the one-dimensional poverty situation of the rural elderly tends to be serious.Among them,the contribution rate of relative income poverty and health poverty to the multidimensional poverty of the elderly has shown an upward trend,and the contribution rate of the poverty of housing facilities has decreased.Pensions have the most significant effect on alleviating the multidimensional poverty of the elderly nationwide in urban areas.Private transfer income such as child support has a greater effect on alleviating the poverty of the rural elderly.Based on this,we should focus on the redistribution effect of government transfer income,combine it with family pensions,and further improve the medical security system to jointly improve the income level and feasible capabilities of the elderly.