小麦对小麦孢囊线虫抗病性研究进展

Research progress on the wheat resistance to cereal cyst nematode

由小麦孢囊线虫引起的小麦孢囊线虫病发生分布范围广,防治困难,严重危害我国小麦生产。在我国危害小麦的孢囊线虫主要包括禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)和菲利普孢囊线虫(H.filipjevi)。种植抗病小麦品种是防治小麦孢囊线虫病最经济有效的措施,近10年来,我国科学家制定了小麦孢囊线虫抗性评价标准,测试了我国主推小麦品种和部分引进种质资源对小麦孢囊线虫的抗感性,鉴定到太空6号、新麦11、VP1620和Madsen等抗小麦孢囊线虫的优良材料,利用抗源创制了一系列的抗小麦孢囊线虫种质材料,从组织细胞学、基因组和转录组等解析了小麦抗孢囊线虫的机制。本文主要从小麦孢囊线虫致病型分化、抗性评价、抗性基因鉴定、抗性机制解析和抗病基因利用等方面进行综述。

The cereal cyst nematode disease,which is caused by the devastating soil-borne pathogen cereal cyst nematode(CCN),severely damaged the wheat production in China due to its wide distribution and difficult control.The cereal cyst nematodes of wheat in China mainly include Heterodera avenae and H.filipjevi.Screening and application of resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective method to control this disease.However,the main wheat varieties in China have poor resistance to CCN.In the recent decade,Chinese agricultural scientists instituted Chinese agricultural standards to evaluate the resistance of tested wheat cultivars to cereal cyst nematode,and identified several high-resistant wheat cultivars or germplasms from Chinese wheat landraces and plant introductions,such as Taikong 6,Xinmai 11,VP1620 and Madsen.In addition,enormous novel germplasms were developed by traditional crossing approach with these high-resistant wheat cultivars or germplasms,and some candidate developed germplasms were proved to be exhibited high resistance to CCN.Moreover,resistant genes or QTLs to CCN were identified,and their functional resistance mechanism were also characterized at different levels such as histomorphology,comparative genomes and transcriptomes.The present study focused on the overview of CCN pathotypes classification,resistance evaluation and resistance gene identification,resistance mechanism and the utilization of resistance genes.