合成胶乳和人造胶乳外科手套发展概况

Review on Development of Synthetic and Artificial Latex Surgical Gloves

橡胶外科手套用于无菌手术室的操作,是使用量较大的乳胶手套品种之一。天然胶乳外科手套拥有较好的综合性能而应用历史悠久,但天然胶乳含有过性敏蛋白质,部分医护人员对天然胶乳外科手套产生过敏症,推动了无蛋白质过敏风险的合成胶乳外科手套和以合成橡胶通过乳化工艺转化而得的人造胶乳外科手套的发展。以羧基丁腈胶乳为主要原材料加工而成的丁腈检查手套,成为克服天然乳胶医用检查手套过敏症的替代品,但存在穿戴舒适性不足而不宜作为外科手套的原材料。本文对氯丁胶乳外科手套和异戊二烯胶乳外科手套的发展概况进行综述。

Rubber surgical gloves are usually used in aseptic operating rooms, which is one of the larger use of latex gloves varieties. Natural rubber latex surgical gloves have excellent comprehensive performance and have a long history of application, however, natural rubber latex contains allergenic proteins, which easily cause some medical staff allergic reaction affecting their health. The development of synthetic latex surgical gloves without proteins and synthetic latex surgical gloves made from synthetic rubber by emulsification process can effectively avoid the allergic reaction caused by protein in natural rubber latex. So far, synthetic latex surgical gloves mainly include nitrile gloves, neoprene gloves and polyisoprene latex surgical gloves, which performances affected by the types of materials. So, the development of nitrile latex gloves, neoprene latex surgical gloves and isoprene latex surgical gloves are reviewed in this paper.