基于OMMLP模型的锡林郭勒盟不同草地类型家庭牧场草畜平衡优化模拟研究

Study on Optimization Simulation of Forage-Livestock Balance in Household Ranch of Different Grassland Types in Xilin Gol League Based on OMMLP Model

对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原3种草地类型区域的家庭牧场进行调研,收集家畜、草地、经济、气象等多项模型基础参数,利用家庭牧场家畜生产优化管理模型(OMMLP)模拟分析不同草地类型区家庭牧场草畜平衡现状和不同载畜率下牧民的经济收入状况。结果表明:3种草地类型区年度内家畜能量供需均存在不平衡现象,在冬春季节有28.3%~40.9%的无效补饲能量;家庭牧场整体表现出不同程度的超载,较最优载畜率超载约9.6%~43.7%;优化模拟模型可有效地提供最优生产经营方案,荒漠草原、典型草原和草甸草原区家庭牧场由当前实际载畜率分别优化至0.71羊单位/hm^(2)、1.33羊单位/hm^(2)和1.45羊单位/hm^(2)时,牧户净收益分别可增长5.73万元、0.4万元和1.2万元。

This study investigated the household ranch in the three grassland types of meadow steppe,typical steppe and desert steppe in in Xilin Gol league,Inner Mongolia,and collected a number of model basic parameters such as livestock,grassland,economic and meteorology,the optimal management model of livestock production in household ranch(OMMLP)was used to simulate and analyze the current situation of forage-livestock balance in household ranch in different grassland type and the economic profits of herds under different stocking rates.The results showed that there was an imbalance between the annual energy supply and demand of livestock in the three different grassland types,and there was 28.3%~40.9%of the invalid supplementary energy from winter to spring;the household ranches showed varying degrees of overloading.Compared with the optimal stocking rate,the overloading rate was about 9.6%~43.7%.The optimized simulation model can effectively provide the optimal production and management scheme,and if the current actual stocking rate of household ranches in the desert steppe,typical steppe and meadow steppe was optimized to 0.71 sheep unit/hm^(2),1.33 sheep unit/hm^(2) and 1.45 sheep unit/hm^(2),respectively,the net income of herds can increase by 57300 Yuan,4000 Yuan and 12000 Yuan,respectively.