草原生态保护补助奖励政策实施效果评价--基于CNKI数据库的计量分析

Evaluation of the Implementation Effect of Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Reward Policy--Bibliometric Analysis Based on CNKI Database

基于CNKI数据库中的文献计量分析功能,以手工整理的方式对发表于2011年1月至2020年6月评价草原生态保护补助奖励政策实施效果的文献进行统计,分析补奖政策评价的内容及趋势。结果表明,文献的评价内容主要围绕草原生态环境、农牧民收入、畜牧业生产和基础设施建设4个方面展开,多数研究认为补奖政策实施后牧草高度、草原植被盖度和草产量有不同程度恢复,农牧民收入有所增加,转移性收入占比提高,生产方式逐渐由放牧向半放牧半舍饲和完全舍饲转变,牧区基础设施不断完善。但也有研究认为禁牧减畜打乱了草原上原有生物间的生态平衡,使得草原退化;农牧民收入受牲畜出栏数量的影响先增后减;在一些偏远落后地区,靠传统放牧为生的农牧民因接受能力较差造成生产方式转变困难;地方政府财政资金紧张和农牧民收入偏低,造成基础设施建设不足。最后,对政策评价方法提出排除无关干扰因素并进行分类对照研究的改进建议,同时提出了针对性的对策。

Based on the bibliometric analysis function in the CNKI database,the 201 papers published from January 2011 to June 2020 evaluating the effect of the implementation of the grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward policy were collected manually,and the evaluation content and trend of policy was analyzed.The results showed that the evaluation of the literature mainly focused on four aspects of grassland ecological environment,income of farmers and herdsmen,animal husbandry production and infrastructure construction.Most studies believed that after the implementation of the subsidy policy,forage height,grassland vegetation coverage and grass yield were restored to varying degrees,farmers’and herdsmen’s income increased,and the proportion of transfer income increased;the mode of production had gradually changed from grazing to semi-grazing and full house feeding,and the infrastructure construction of pastoral areas had been continuously improved.However,some researchers believed that the grazing prohibition and reducing livestock disrupted the ecological balance of the original organisms on the grassland,degrading the grassland,the income of farmers and herdsmen increased first and then decreased due to the number of livestock slaughtered.In remote and backward areas,farmers and herdsmen who rely on traditional grazing for their livelihoods had difficulties in transforming their production methods due to their poor acceptance.The shortage of local government financial funds and the low income of farmers and herdsmen had resulted in insufficient infrastructure.Finally,the paper put forward suggestions for improve of policy evaluation methods to eliminate irrelevant interference factors and carry out classified comparative study,and put forward some targeted countermeasures for the more accurate implementation of subsidy policy in the future.