武汉市2009-2015年家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗药性调查

An investigation of resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Wuhan,China,2009-2015

目的调查武汉市家蝇的抗药性状况,为合理使用杀虫剂提供科学依据。方法2009-2015年期间分别从武汉市江岸、江汉、汉阳、武昌4个城区的居民区、农贸市场和垃圾中转站采集野外家蝇,实验室繁殖1~2代后,采用微量点滴法测定家蝇对7种常用杀虫剂的半数致死量(LD_(50)),计算抗性倍数,并采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较不同城区种群间的差异性。结果武汉市4个城区家蝇种群对敌敌畏(DDVP)、甲基吡恶磷和毒死蜱的抗性倍数分别为11.26~20.72、23.21~72.69和49.28~108.20倍;对溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和胺菊酯的抗性倍数分别为251.50~454.50、66.85~129.24、91.43~115.54和4.84~6.80倍。4个城区家蝇种群对7种杀虫剂抗药性差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论武汉市家蝇对DDVP和胺菊酯分别为中、低抗性或敏感,对甲基吡恶磷、毒死蜱、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯均产生了高抗性或极高抗性,抗药性水平高低与杀虫剂使用程度有关,受地域影响较小。建议各城区在今后的灭蝇工作中要科学合理使用卫生杀虫剂,以延缓家蝇的抗药性。

Objective To investigate the insecticide resistance of Musca domestica in Wuhan,China,and to provide a scientific basis for rational use of insecticides.Methods During 2009-2015,wild M.domestica was collected from residential areas,farmers’markets,and refuse transfer stations in four districts(Jiang'an,Jianghan,Hanyang,and Wuchang)in Wuhan;they were bred in the laboratory for 1-2 generations and then were tested for the median lethal dose(LD_(50))of seven commonly used insecticides using the micro-drip method;the resistance ratios were calculated and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the inter-population differences between different districts.Results The resistance ratios to DDVP,azamethiphos,chlorpyrifos,deltamethrin,cypermethrin,beta-cypermethrin,and tetramethrin of the M.domestica populations in the four districts in Wuhan were 11.26-20.72,23.21-72.69,49.28-108.20,251.50-454.50,66.85-129.24,91.43-115.54,and 4.84-6.80,respectively.There were no statistical differences in the resistance to the seven insecticides between the M.domestica populations in the four districts(all P>0.05).Conclusion The M.domestica in Wuhan has intermediate resistance and low resistance(or sensitivity)to DDVP and tetramethrin,respectively,and has high resistance or extremely high resistance to azamethiphos,chlorpyrifos,deltamethrin,cypermethrin,and beta-cypermethrin;the levels of insecticide resistance are associated with the usage degree of insecticides and are affected by regions to a minor degree.Therefore,it is suggested to apply insecticides rationally in the future fly control in each district,thus delaying the development of insecticide resistance of M.domestica.